5-Amino-1MQ

ID: 5amino1mq

Aliases: 5-amino-1-methylquinolinium, 5-AMINO-1MQ

Type: compound

Route/form: oral or route depends on studied product

Status: research

Evidence level: preclinical

Best data tier: direct preclinical; human association

Support scope: human, non-human/mechanistic, review/regulatory

Source types: human_association_and_preclinical, medicinal_chemistry, preclinical, review

Linked sources: 7

Broad outcomes: Fat loss / metabolic health, Longevity / mitochondrial / redox

Reading note: These are curation notes anchored to linked sources, not a clinical recommendation or protocol.

Targets / mechanism

• NNMT inhibitor

Optimization domains

• metabolic
• obesity
• NAD metabolism

Research basis

• NNMT is a coherent adipose/liver metabolic target because target-validation work links NNMT inhibition to SAM, NAD+, polyamine flux, oxygen consumption, and diet-induced obesity in mice.
• Direct 5A1MQ mouse studies report body-composition, fatty-liver, metabolic-variable, microbiome, and pharmacokinetic signals in diet-induced-obesity models.
• Human adipose/1-methylnicotinamide association data make the target biologically relevant, but not yet clinically proven as a fat-loss intervention.

Limits, risks, and missing evidence

• No strong human weight-loss trial support exists for the general use case.
• The rodent studies use exposure patterns and doses that do not translate cleanly to informal human dosing.
• NAD, methylation, SAM, and polyamine network effects are easy to oversimplify into a one-pathway story.

Risk flags

• unapproved context
• limited human data
• human association not causation

Linked papers, labels, and reviews

1. A selective and membrane-permeable NNMT inhibitor reverses high fat diet-induced obesity in mice
   preclinical / pubmed_5amino1mq_dio_2018
   Direct 5-amino-1MQ/NNMT-inhibitor mouse obesity source; supports mechanism and animal signal, not human fat-loss efficacy.
2. Nicotinamide N-methyltransferase inhibition mitigates obesity-related metabolic dysfunction
   preclinical / pubmed_5amino1mq_obesity_metabolic_2024
   5A1MQ diet-induced-obesity mouse study assessing body composition, fatty liver pathology, metabolic variables, biomarkers, and pharmacokinetics.
3. Reduced calorie diet combined with NNMT inhibition establishes a distinct microbiome in DIO mice
   preclinical / pubmed_5amino1mq_microbiome_dio_2022
   Diet-induced-obesity mouse study combining 5A-1MQ with diet switch; mechanism-adjacent microbiome/body-composition context.
4. Nicotinamide N-methyltransferase knockdown protects against diet-induced obesity
   preclinical / nature_nnmt_knockdown_obesity_2014
   Foundational target-validation paper connecting adipose/liver NNMT to SAM, NAD+, polyamine flux, oxygen consumption, and diet-induced obesity in mice.
5. Association of NNMT mRNA expression in human adipose tissue and plasma 1-methylnicotinamide with insulin resistance
   human_association_and_preclinical / pubmed_nnmt_human_adipose_ir_2015
   Human association anchor showing NNMT/1-MNA relevance to insulin resistance; not an intervention trial.
6. Novel inhibitors of nicotinamide N-methyltransferase for metabolic disorders
   medicinal_chemistry / pubmed_5amino1mq_nnmt_2021
   NNMT inhibitor chemistry; not a human weight-loss trial.
7. Mechanisms and inhibitors of nicotinamide N-methyltransferase
   review / pmc_nnmt_inhibitors_review_2021
   Review of NNMT biology and inhibitor classes, including 5-amino-1MQ context; useful for mechanism and translational caveats.