This is the source-first view of the evidence map. The linked papers, labels, reviews, and regulatory documents are the durable object; entry notes are incomplete curation context, not clinical guidance.
case report
- Acute liver failure associated with anabolic-androgenic steroid use
pubmed_stanozolol_liver_failure_2014
Safety signal source involving anabolic steroid misuse; useful for hepatic-risk framing around stanozolol and oral AAS.
Used by: Stanozolol - Adverse events from clenbuterol misuse
pubmed_clenbuterol_adverse_events_2013
Poison-center/case-series style safety source for clenbuterol misuse presentations.
Used by: Clenbuterol - Clonidine for sleep disturbances associated with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: a systematic chart review of 62 cases
pubmed_clonidine_sleep_adhd_chart_1996
Retrospective pediatric ADHD sleep-disturbance chart review; useful for off-label sleep signal but not adult insomnia proof.
Used by: Clonidine - Drug-Induced Liver Injury Associated With Alpha Bolic (RAD-140) and Alpha Elite (RAD-140 and LGD-4033)
pubmed_rad_lgd_dili_case_2020
Case report involving RAD-140 and RAD-140/LGD-4033 product exposure; useful for SARM liver-risk context.
Used by: Ligandrol, RAD140 - LGD-4033 and a Case of Drug-Induced Liver Injury: Exploring the Clinical Implications of Off-Label Selective Androgen Receptor Modulator Use in Healthy Adults
pubmed_ligandrol_dili_case_2024
Healthy-adult LGD-4033 DILI case report; supports liver-risk caution in off-label SARM use.
Used by: Ligandrol - LGD-4033 and MK-677 use impacts body composition and circulating biomarkers
pubmed_lgd_mk677_case_report_2022
Self-administration case report with body composition, lipid, liver enzyme, and hormone changes.
Used by: Ibutamoren, Ligandrol - RAD-140 Drug-Induced Liver Injury
pubmed_rad140_dili_case_2022
RAD-140 DILI case report; risk anchor for off-label/research-chemical use.
Used by: RAD140
clinical trial registry
- BELIEVE: Safety and Efficacy of Bimagrumab and Semaglutide in Adults Who Are Overweight or Obese
clinicaltrials_believe_bimagrumab_semaglutide
ClinicalTrials.gov registry for BELIEVE; confirms 507 enrollment, completed status, IV bimagrumab plus open-label SC semaglutide design, and body-composition rationale.
Used by: Bimagrumab - COURAGE: Trevogrumab or Trevogrumab With Garetosmab in Addition to Semaglutide in Patients With Obesity
clinicaltrials_courage_trevogrumab_garetosmab_semaglutide
ClinicalTrials.gov registry for COURAGE; useful for design, enrollment, active-not-recruiting status, endpoints, and route details: trevogrumab SC in Parts B/C, garetosmab IV in Part B, semaglutide SC.
Used by: Garetosmab, Trevogrumab - Effect of RTB101 on Illness Associated With Respiratory Tract Infections in the Elderly
clinicaltrials_rtb101_protector1
ClinicalTrials.gov registry for the PROTECTOR1 phase 3 RTB101 study in adults aged 65 and older.
Used by: RTB101 - EMBRAZE: Efficacy and Safety of Apitegromab for the Treatment of Adults Who Are Overweight or Obese
clinicaltrials_embraze_apitegromab_tirzepatide
ClinicalTrials.gov registry for EMBRAZE; completed phase 2 study with IV apitegromab every 4 weeks plus weekly SC tirzepatide.
Used by: Apitegromab - NCT06633016 - Study of ABX-002 for adjunctive treatment of major depressive disorder
ctgov_abx002_mdd_2026
Phase 2 trial record; no posted efficacy results at curation time.
Used by: Elunetirom - Saskatoon Berry on Metabolism and Gut Microbiota in Prediabetes
clinicaltrials_saskatoon_berry_nct04809688
Trial registry context for Saskatoon berry powder, metabolism, and gut-microbiota outcomes.
Used by: Saskatoon Berry
company
- Results from Phase 2 COURAGE Trial Demonstrating Potential to Improve Quality of GLP-1 receptor agonist-induced Weight Loss by Preserving Lean Mass, Presented at EASD
regeneron_courage_easd_2025
Sponsor-reported 26-week COURAGE phase 2 obesity results: semaglutide 2.4 mg plus trevogrumab with or without garetosmab shifted weight-loss composition toward fat mass; not a peer-reviewed paper at this curation point.
Used by: Garetosmab, Semaglutide, Trevogrumab - Scholar Rock Reports Positive Phase 2 EMBRAZE Trial Results Demonstrating Statistically Significant Preservation of Lean Mass with Apitegromab During Tirzepatide-Induced Weight Loss
businesswire_apitegromab_embraze_2025
Sponsor-reported 24-week EMBRAZE phase 2 obesity results: apitegromab plus tirzepatide preserved more lean mass and shifted loss composition toward fat; not a peer-reviewed obesity paper at this curation point.
Used by: Apitegromab, Tirzepatide
company regulatory
- Regeneron Announces Positive Phase 3 Trial in Adults with Fibrodysplasia Ossificans Progressiva, Demonstrating that Garetosmab Prevents Greater than 99% of Abnormal Bone Formation
regeneron_garetosmab_optima_phase3_2025
Sponsor/regulatory context for garetosmab in FOP, including investigational status and planned submissions; useful safety and development context, not a body-composition source.
Used by: Garetosmab - Scholar Rock Reports First Quarter 2026 Financial Results and Recent Business Highlights
scholarrock_apitegromab_bla_accepted_2026
Current regulatory context as of May 2026: FDA accepted the apitegromab BLA for SMA with a September 30, 2026 PDUFA date; this does not mean obesity approval.
Used by: Apitegromab
database
- IUPHAR/BPS Guide to Pharmacology ligand page for elunetirom
guidetopharmacology_elunetirom
Identity, synonym, prodrug, active-metabolite, and TR-beta pharmacology reference.
Used by: Elunetirom - PubChem: Clorgyline
pubchem_clorgyline
Chemical identity and literature links.
Used by: Clorgyline
early human
- A phase 1/2a follistatin gene therapy trial for Becker muscular dystrophy
pubmed_follistatin_bmd_phase12a_2015
Open-label AAV1-FS344 intramuscular gene-transfer study in Becker muscular dystrophy; useful human disease-context anchor for follistatin gene therapy, not healthy-user hypertrophy evidence.
Used by: Follistatin / FS344 - A Phase I, First-in-Human, Healthy Volunteer Study of CVN424
pubmed_cvn424_phase1_2022
First-in-human safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics source for oral CVN424.
Used by: CVN424 - A randomized control trial to establish the feasibility and safety of rapamycin treatment in an older human cohort: Immunological, physical performance, and cognitive effects
pubmed_rapamycin_older_feasibility_2018
Small randomized older-adult rapamycin feasibility/safety trial; useful human context but not proof of lifespan extension.
Used by: Rapamycin / Sirolimus - A Randomized Phase 1 Safety, Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Study of the Novel Myostatin Inhibitor Apitegromab (SRK-015): A Potential Treatment for Spinal Muscular Atrophy
springer_apitegromab_phase1_2021
Randomized placebo-controlled phase 1 study in healthy adults; IV apitegromab showed dose-dependent latent-myostatin target engagement and tolerability up to 30 mg/kg.
Used by: Apitegromab - ARA 290, a nonerythropoietic peptide engineered from erythropoietin, improves metabolic control and neuropathic symptoms in type 2 diabetes
pmc_ara290_innate_repair_receptor_2014
Small human diabetes/neuropathy study plus innate repair receptor rationale.
Used by: ARA-290 / Cibinetide - Effect of synthetic peptides on aging of patients with chronic polymorbidity and organic brain syndrome of the central nervous system in remission
pubmed_pinealon_polymorbidity_2015
Older regional human source; interpret cautiously due limited accessibility/generalizability.
Used by: Pinealon - Effectiveness and Safety of rhIGF-1 Therapy in Children: The European Increlex Growth Forum Database Experience
pubmed_mecasermin_increlex_database_2015
Large registry-style mecasermin safety/effectiveness source in severe IGF-1 deficiency contexts; useful label-adjacent human anchor.
Used by: Mecasermin / Recombinant Human IGF-1 - Effectiveness of Semax in the acute period of hemispheric ischemic stroke
pubmed_semax_stroke_1997
Citation anchor for the 1997 Russian clinical/electrophysiological ischemic-stroke Semax study; not an easily accessible PubMed abstract in this pass.
Used by: No public entries linked. - Effects of Daily Saskatoon Berry Supplementation on Cardiometabolic Health, Gut Microbiota, and Short-Chain Fatty Acids in Healthy Adults
mdpi_saskatoon_berry_human_microbiota_2026
Recent healthy-adult supplementation study linking Saskatoon berry intake to cardiometabolic markers, gut microbiota, and SCFA readouts.
Used by: Saskatoon Berry - First-in-human phase 1 study of RAD140 in ER+/HER2- metastatic breast cancer
pubmed_rad140_phase1_breast_cancer_2022
Oncology phase 1 study of oral RAD140/vosilasarm.
Used by: RAD140 - Follistatin Gene Therapy Improves Ambulation in Becker Muscular Dystrophy
pubmed_follistatin_bmd_ambulation_2015
Becker muscular dystrophy follistatin gene-therapy follow-up/clinical interpretation paper; relevant to ambulation and FS344 rationale.
Used by: Follistatin / FS344 - GRK-biased adrenergic agonists for the treatment of type 2 diabetes and obesity
sciencedirect_atr258_cell_2025
Cell paper for ATR-258/compound 15 GRK2-biased beta-2 adrenergic mechanism, preclinical metabolic data, and first-in-human context; cardiovascular and tolerability scrutiny remain central because of the beta-2 mechanism.
Used by: ATR-258 - Intravenous infusion of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) versus nicotinamide riboside (NR): a retrospective tolerability pilot study in a real-world setting
pubmed_nad_iv_nr_retrospective_2026
Recent real-world tolerability pilot of commercial IV NAD+ and IV NR; observational and not proof of anti-aging, addiction, or performance benefit.
Used by: NAD+ / Intravenous NAD - Oral SSTR5 antagonist SCO-240 for growth hormone stimulation: phase I single-dose study
pubmed_sstr5_sco240_phase1_2024
Human phase 1 SSTR5 antagonist anchor.
Used by: No public entries linked. - Orexin 2 receptor-selective agonist danavorexton improves narcolepsy phenotype
pubmed_danavorexton_2022
Human and mouse evidence for OX2R agonism.
Used by: Declozindol - Peptides of pineal gland and thymus prolong human life
pubmed_thymalin_longevity_2003
Older regional longevity report; hypothesis-generating, not definitive geroprotection evidence.
Used by: Thymalin - Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modeling of ipamorelin in human volunteers
pubmed_ipamorelin_human_pkpd
Human volunteer PK/PD modeling.
Used by: Ipamorelin - Phase 1 safety, PK, and pharmacodynamics study of ABX-002 in healthy adult participants
oxford_abx002_phase1_2025
Endocrine Society abstract for ABX-002/elunetirom SAD/MAD human phase 1 data.
Used by: Elunetirom - Pilot trial of clenbuterol in spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy
pubmed_clenbuterol_sbma_pilot_2013
Small disease-context human trial; relevant to beta2-muscle rationale but not healthy fat-loss or bodybuilding evidence.
Used by: Clenbuterol - Preclinical and clinical pharmacology of TPA023B, a GABAA receptor alpha2/alpha3 subtype-selective partial agonist
pubmed_tpa023b_alpha2_alpha3_2010
Alpha2/alpha3 GABA-A PAM program source with preclinical and human PET/pharmacology context.
Used by: No public entries linked. - Prolonged stimulation of GH and IGF-I secretion by CJC-1295
pubmed_cjc1295_2006
Healthy adult pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic study.
Used by: CJC-1295 - Safety, pharmacokinetics and pharmacological effects of GSK2881078
pubmed_gsk2881078_phase1_2017
Phase 1 study in healthy men and postmenopausal women.
Used by: GSK2881078 - Safety, pharmacokinetics, and effects of LGD-4033 in healthy young men
pubmed_lgd4033_healthy_men_2013
Placebo-controlled 21-day ascending-dose study in healthy men.
Used by: Ligandrol - Safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of concomitant cagrilintide with semaglutide 2.4 mg
pubmed_cagrilintide_semaglutide_phase1b
Randomized phase 1b coadministration study; early human bridge for cagrilintide plus semaglutide before later phase 2/3 trials.
Used by: Cagrilintide, Cagrilintide + Semaglutide / CagriSema - Safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of fosgonimeton in healthy volunteers and subjects with Alzheimer's disease
pubmed_fosgonimeton_phase1_2022
Phase 1 HGF/MET positive-modulator context; fosgonimeton is related pathway context, not Dihexa itself.
Used by: Dihexa - Topical rapamycin reduces markers of senescence and aging in human skin: an exploratory, prospective, randomized trial
pmc_topical_rapamycin_skin_2019
Exploratory human topical rapamycin trial with skin-aging/senescence endpoints; route-specific and not evidence for systemic longevity use.
Used by: Rapamycin / Sirolimus - Treatment of chronic nonhealing neurotrophic corneal epithelial defects with thymosin beta4
pubmed_tb4_neurotrophic_corneal_defects_2010
Uncontrolled human topical eye-drop case series for full-length Tbeta4 in chronic corneal epithelial defects.
Used by: TB-500 / thymosin beta-4-related products
evidence report
- American Geriatrics Society 2023 updated AGS Beers Criteria for potentially inappropriate medication use in older adults
pubmed_ags_beers_criteria_2023
Geriatric prescribing criteria covering strongly anticholinergic drugs, including first-generation antihistamines and selected antidepressants; useful for older-adult delirium, falls, cumulative anticholinergic burden, and dementia-risk framing.
Used by: Clomipramine, Diphenhydramine, Hydroxyzine - Clinical Practice Guideline for the Pharmacologic Treatment of Chronic Insomnia in Adults
pubmed_aasm_insomnia_guideline_2017
American Academy of Sleep Medicine pharmacologic insomnia guideline; includes recommendations against trazodone and diphenhydramine for chronic adult insomnia.
Used by: Diphenhydramine, Trazodone - Ephedra and ephedrine for weight loss and athletic performance enhancement
ahrq_ephedrine_weight_loss_2003
AHRQ evidence report summary covering efficacy and adverse events, including cardiovascular/autonomic safety concerns.
Used by: Ephedrine - Unfounded Claims of Improved Functional Outcomes Attributed to Follistatin Gene Therapy in Inclusion Body Myositis
pmc_follistatin_sibm_critique_2017
Published critique arguing the IBM trial design and outcome handling do not support strong efficacy conclusions; important skepticism source for this entry.
Used by: Follistatin / FS344
forensic toxicology
- First multifaceted ADME profile of ACP-105
pubmed_acp105_adme_2025
ADME and in silico toxicology work for ACP-105 in a doping/toxicology context.
Used by: ACP-105
government fact sheet
- NIH ODS: Dietary supplements for weight loss - yohimbe/yohimbine section
nih_ods_yohimbe_weight_loss
Summarizes weak weight-loss evidence and cardiovascular/anxiety toxicity reports.
Used by: Yohimbine
government review
- Clinical Review - Mecasermin (Increlex)
ncbi_mecasermin_clinical_review_2024
NCBI Bookshelf clinical review summarizing mecasermin efficacy and harms, including hypoglycemia, lipohypertrophy, and tonsillar hypertrophy.
Used by: Mecasermin / Recombinant Human IGF-1 - FDA: Dermal fillers, including hyaluronic acid fillers
fda_dermal_fillers_hyaluronic_acid
Regulatory and safety context for injectable hyaluronic acid dermal fillers.
Used by: Hyaluronic Acid / Sodium Hyaluronate - Growth Hormone, IGF-1, and Insulin for Performance Enhancement
ncbi_hgh_athletic_performance_review
NCBI review of GH/IGF-1/insulin performance-enhancement claims and evidence limits.
Used by: Human Growth Hormone / Somatropin - Istradefylline - LiverTox
ncbi_istradefylline_livertox
Approved A2A antagonist context and hepatic safety summary.
Used by: No public entries linked. - Microorganisms & Microbial-Derived Ingredients Used in Food
fda_microorganisms_food_yogurt_cultures
FDA context page noting mandatory yogurt cultures and optional lactic-acid-producing bacteria in standardized foods.
Used by: Astaxanthin-fortified yogurt - NIH Office of Dietary Supplements: Carnitine Health Professional Fact Sheet
ods_carnitine_factsheet
NIH ODS review of carnitine biology, supplement forms, proposed weight-loss rationale, evidence limits, and safety.
Used by: L-carnitine - NIH Office of Dietary Supplements: Choline fact sheet for health professionals
ods_choline_factsheet
Component evidence for lipotropic injection blends; not direct evidence for Lipo C formulations.
Used by: No public entries linked. - NIH Office of Dietary Supplements: Niacin fact sheet for health professionals
ods_niacin_factsheet
Component evidence for some lipotropic or NAD-related blend claims.
Used by: No public entries linked. - NIH Office of Dietary Supplements: Vitamin B12 fact sheet for health professionals
ods_vitamin_b12_factsheet
Nutrient status, deficiency, dosing forms, safety, and clinical context.
Used by: Vitamin B12 / Cobalamin - Vitamin C - Health Professional Fact Sheet
ods_vitamin_c_factsheet
NIH Office of Dietary Supplements reference for vitamin C physiology, deficiency, intake ranges, tolerable upper intake, and interaction/safety context.
Used by: Vitamin C / Ascorbic Acid - Vitamin D - Health Professional Fact Sheet
ods_vitamin_d_factsheet
NIH Office of Dietary Supplements reference for vitamin D physiology, 25(OH)D status, intake ranges, toxicity, calcium interactions, and safety context.
Used by: Vitamin D / D3
human association and preclinical
- Anticholinergic Drug Exposure and the Risk of Dementia: A Nested Case-Control Study
pubmed_anticholinergic_dementia_coupland_2019
Large nested case-control study; supports cumulative anticholinergic burden as a dementia-risk signal while requiring class-specific and confounding-aware interpretation.
Used by: Clomipramine, Diphenhydramine, Hydroxyzine - Association of NNMT mRNA expression in human adipose tissue and plasma 1-methylnicotinamide with insulin resistance
pubmed_nnmt_human_adipose_ir_2015
Human association anchor showing NNMT/1-MNA relevance to insulin resistance; not an intervention trial.
Used by: 5-Amino-1MQ - Cardiovascular Safety of Amphetamine/Dextroamphetamine versus Methylphenidate in Older Adults
pubmed_stimulant_cv_older_adults_2024
Retrospective older-adult veteran study comparing composite cardiovascular events between amphetamine/dextroamphetamine and methylphenidate.
Used by: Dextroamphetamine, Methylphenidate - Cumulative use of strong anticholinergics and incident dementia: a prospective cohort study
pubmed_anticholinergic_dementia_gray_2015
Older-adult prospective cohort; higher 10-year cumulative strong anticholinergic exposure was associated with incident dementia, with first-generation antihistamines among common exposure classes.
Used by: Diphenhydramine - Gilbert's syndrome and the risk of death: a population-based cohort study
pubmed_gilbert_mortality_2013
Large observational cohort associating Gilbert syndrome/mild hyperbilirubinemia with lower all-cause mortality; association, not intervention.
Used by: Bilirubin / Biliverdin axis - Intestinal microbiota metabolism of L-carnitine, a nutrient in red meat, promotes atherosclerosis
nature_lcarnitine_tmao_atherosclerosis_2013
Human association plus animal mechanism linking carnitine-derived TMAO biology to atherosclerosis; risk-context source, not a supplement RCT.
Used by: L-carnitine - Life extension factor klotho enhances cognition
pubmed_klotho_cognition_2014
Human KL-VS association plus mouse cognition work.
Used by: No public entries linked. - Plasma MOTS-c levels are associated with insulin sensitivity in lean but not in obese individuals
pubmed_motsc_insulin_sensitivity_2018
Human association study; helps separate endogenous MOTS-c physiology from intervention claims.
Used by: MOTS-c - Trigonelline is an NAD+ precursor that improves muscle function during ageing
pmc_trigonelline_nad_sarcopenia_2024
Human sarcopenia association plus mouse NAD+/muscle function data.
Used by: Trigonelline
human physiology
- A Pilot Study Investigating Changes in the Human Plasma and Urine NAD+ Metabolome During a 6 Hour Intravenous Infusion of NAD+
pubmed_nad_iv_metabolome_2019
Small human IV NAD+ pharmacokinetic/metabolome pilot; supports route/metabolite handling, not clinical efficacy.
Used by: NAD+ / Intravenous NAD - Activation of human brown adipose tissue by a beta3-adrenergic receptor agonist
pubmed_mirabegron_bat_2015
Acute human mirabegron BAT activation and resting-energy-expenditure study; direct physiology anchor, not a weight-loss outcome trial.
Used by: Mirabegron - Activation of the GH/IGF-1 axis by CJC-1295 results in serum protein profile changes in normal adult subjects
pubmed_cjc1295_proteomic_2009
Healthy young adult men; direct human biomarker study after CJC-1295 exposure, useful for GH/IGF-1-axis mechanism rather than outcome claims.
Used by: CJC-1295 - Age-related growth hormone-releasing activity of growth hormone secretagogues in humans
pubmed_hexarelin_age_response_1997
Human GH secretagogue response by age; relevant to extrapolation limits.
Used by: Hexarelin - Alpha 2-antagonist compounds and lipid mobilization: evidence for a lipid mobilizing effect of oral yohimbine in healthy male volunteers
pubmed_yohimbine_lipid_mobilization_1988
Direct human lipolysis physiology anchor for alpha-2 antagonism; not an obesity-outcome trial.
Used by: Yohimbine - Bimagrumab improves body composition and insulin sensitivity in insulin-resistant individuals
pubmed_bimagrumab_insulin_resistance_2017
Small randomized human study using insulin-sensitivity and body-composition endpoints after bimagrumab exposure.
Used by: Bimagrumab - Changes in the responsiveness of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis to kisspeptin-10 administration during pubertal transition in boys
pubmed_kisspeptin_puberty_boys_2018
Human kisspeptin-10 bolus physiology across pubertal stages and adult men; supports axis-state dependence.
Used by: Kisspeptin-10 - Chronic mirabegron treatment increases human brown fat, HDL cholesterol, and insulin sensitivity
jci_mirabegron_chronic_2020
Four-week open-label human study using 100 mg mirabegron; supports BAT/metabolic physiology and also highlights dose/safety extrapolation issues.
Used by: Mirabegron - Delineating tesamorelin response pathways in HIV-associated NAFLD using targeted proteomic and transcriptomic approaches
pubmed_tesamorelin_response_pathways_2021
Human response-pathway analysis; helps explain why visceral/liver-fat effects may not generalize to every GH-secretagogue use case.
Used by: Tesamorelin - Determination of thymosin beta4 and protein in human wound fluid after abdominal surgery
pubmed_tb4_human_wound_fluid_2007
Human physiology source showing endogenous Tbeta4 in wound fluid after surgery; supports biological plausibility, not treatment efficacy.
Used by: TB-500 / thymosin beta-4-related products - Does growth hormone releasing factor desensitize the somatotrophbeta Responses during and after 10-hour infusion of GRF 1-29 amide in man
pubmed_grf129_infusion_men_1986
Human GRF(1-29) amide infusion study showing sustained GH release during infusion.
Used by: CJC-1295 No DAC / Modified GRF(1-29) - Effects of kisspeptin-10 on reproductive hormone release in men with type 2 diabetes and mild biochemical hypogonadism
pubmed_kisspeptin10_t2d_hypogonadism_2013
Direct human endocrine-challenge study; supports LH/testosterone stimulation mechanism, not a mature therapeutic protocol.
Used by: Kisspeptin-10 - Effects of once-weekly semaglutide on appetite, energy intake, control of eating, food preference and body weight in subjects with obesity
pubmed_semaglutide_appetite_energy_2017
Human appetite and energy-intake physiology study; helps explain why semaglutide works beyond a generic GLP-1 label.
Used by: Semaglutide - Effects of tesamorelin on hepatic transcriptomic signatures in HIV-associated NAFLD
pubmed_tesamorelin_hepatic_transcriptomic_2020
Human liver transcriptomic analysis from tesamorelin-treated HIV-associated NAFLD context; mechanism-adjacent to the liver-fat signal.
Used by: Tesamorelin - Enhanced stimulant and metabolic effects of combined ephedrine and caffeine
pubmed_ephedrine_caffeine_2004
Randomized crossover human physiology study of combined ephedrine and caffeine stimulant/metabolic effects.
Used by: Ephedrine - Growth hormone releasing hexapeptide-6 test in the diagnosis of GH-deficiency
pubmed_ghrp6_gh_deficiency_test_1996
Older human diagnostic physiology source for GHRP-6.
Used by: GHRP-6 - Growth hormone releasing peptide-2, like ghrelin, increases food intake in healthy men
pubmed_ghrp2_food_intake_men_2005
Human GH/ghrelin physiology and appetite context for GHRP-2/pralmorelin.
Used by: GHRP-2 / Pralmorelin - Growth hormone-releasing activity of hexarelin in humans: a dose-response study
pubmed_hexarelin_human_dose_response_1994
Human GH response dose-ranging for hexarelin.
Used by: Hexarelin - In vivo mitochondrial ATP production is improved in older adult skeletal muscle after a single dose of elamipretide in a randomized trial
pubmed_elamipretide_older_muscle_atp_2021
Randomized older-adult physiology study using 31P MRS ATPmax; supports a mitochondrial energetics signal, not a clinical performance protocol.
Used by: SS-31 / Elamipretide - Kisspeptin-10 is a potent stimulator of LH and increases pulse frequency in men
pubmed_kisspeptin10_lh_men_2011
Healthy male volunteer study of kisspeptin-10 effects on LH, FSH, testosterone, and LH pulsatility.
Used by: Kisspeptin-10 - Lipids and insulin regulate mitochondrial-derived peptide MOTS-c in PCOS and healthy subjects
pubmed_motsc_human_pcos_lipid_insulin_2019
Human clamp/intralipid physiology study; circulating MOTS-c responds to lipid and insulin exposure but this is not exogenous MOTS-c treatment.
Used by: MOTS-c - Metabolic modulation of the growth hormone-releasing activity of hexarelin in man
pubmed_hexarelin_metabolic_modulation_1995
Human physiology paper showing nutritional/metabolic state can alter hexarelin GH response.
Used by: Hexarelin - Metformin suppresses the mitochondrial and transcriptional response to exercise, revealing a conserved BCL6B-associated angiogenic program
pubmed_metformin_exercise_mito_transcriptome_2025
Human/mouse mechanistic exercise-adaptation source; supports caution that metformin can alter mitochondrial and transcriptional responses to aerobic training.
Used by: Metformin - Modulation of growth hormone-releasing activity of hexarelin in man
pubmed_hexarelin_modulation_1995
Human volunteer physiology study mapping hexarelin interaction with GHRH and somatostatin tone.
Used by: Hexarelin - Nebivolol, but not metoprolol, lowers blood pressure in nitric oxide-sensitive human hypertension
pubmed_nebivolol_no_hypertension_2014
Human hypertension physiology study supporting the nebivolol-specific nitric oxide distinction from older beta blockers.
Used by: Nebivolol - Pulsatile secretion of growth hormone persists during continuous stimulation by CJC-1295
pubmed_cjc1295_pulsatile_2006
Healthy-adult CJC-1295 physiology paper showing GH pulsatility can persist despite long-acting GHRH analog exposure.
Used by: CJC-1295 - Robust growth hormone responses to GH-releasing peptide 2 in adolescents
pubmed_ghrp2_adolescent_gh_response_2024
Human diagnostic GH response context.
Used by: GHRP-2 / Pralmorelin - Sildenafil improves cardiac output and exercise performance during acute hypoxia, but not normoxia
pubmed_sildenafil_hypoxia_performance_2006
Healthy-human physiology study supporting the narrow altitude/hypoxia performance rationale and the lack of normoxia performance effect.
Used by: PDE5 inhibitors / Cialis / Viagra, Sildenafil / Viagra - Testing with growth hormone-releasing factor (GRF(1-29)NH2) and somatomedin C measurements for the evaluation of growth hormone deficiency
pubmed_grf129_ghd_testing_1986
GRF(1-29)NH2 GH-stimulation testing in young adult volunteers and children/adolescents.
Used by: CJC-1295 No DAC / Modified GRF(1-29) - Tirzepatide reduces appetite, energy intake, and fat mass in people with type 2 diabetes
pubmed_tirzepatide_appetite_fatmass_2023
Human mechanistic study connecting tirzepatide to reduced appetite/energy intake and fat mass.
Used by: Tirzepatide
human rct
- A double-blind study of the efficacy and safety of sertraline and clomipramine in severe major depression
pubmed_sertraline_clomipramine_depression_2000
Head-to-head tolerability/efficacy comparison useful for explaining why clomipramine potency comes with a heavier adverse-effect burden.
Used by: Clomipramine, Sertraline - A phase 2 randomized controlled trial of mazdutide in Chinese overweight adults or adults with obesity
pubmed_mazdutide_phase2_obesity_2023
Human obesity trial for GLP-1/glucagon dual agonist mazdutide.
Used by: Mazdutide - A phase 2 randomized trial of survodutide in MASH and fibrosis
pubmed_survodutide_mash_phase2_2024
Human liver-disease trial; supports a MASLD/MASH rationale beyond simple scale weight for GLP-1/glucagon dual agonism.
Used by: Survodutide - A Phase 3 Trial of l-Glutamine in Sickle Cell Disease
pubmed_lglutamine_scd_phase3_2018
Randomized phase 3 sickle-cell disease trial behind the label context; does not establish general recovery or muscle-performance effects.
Used by: Glutamine / L-Glutamine - A Phase 3 Trial of Seladelpar in Primary Biliary Cholangitis
pubmed_seladelpar_response_2024
RESPONSE phase 3 RCT in PBC; direct clinical efficacy source for seladelpar's approved disease context.
Used by: Seladelpar - A Randomized Phase 1 Safety, Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Study of the Novel Myostatin Inhibitor Apitegromab (SRK-015): A Potential Treatment for Spinal Muscular Atrophy
pubmed_apitegromab_phase1_2021
Randomized phase 1 apitegromab/SRK-015 study in healthy adults; supports IV exposure, latent-myostatin target engagement, PK/PD, safety, and immunogenicity context.
Used by: Apitegromab - A randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial of nicotinamide riboside in obese men: safety, insulin-sensitivity, and lipid-mobilizing effects
pubmed_nr_obese_men_2018
Direct human NR trial in obese insulin-resistant men; useful negative/limited-effect context for insulin sensitivity and fat-loss claims.
Used by: Nicotinamide Riboside - A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of human growth hormone for the treatment of wasting in AIDS
pubmed_somatropin_hiv_wasting_1996
Direct recombinant human GH trial in AIDS wasting; supports lean-mass/wasting context, not healthy hypertrophy use.
Used by: Human Growth Hormone / Somatropin - Activity and safety of enobosarm in androgen receptor-positive, oestrogen receptor-positive, and HER2-negative advanced breast cancer: a randomised phase 2 trial
pubmed_enobosarm_breast_cancer_phase2_2024
Oncology phase 2 trial source; shows clinical SARM development outside gym contexts and reinforces endpoint-specific interpretation.
Used by: Enobosarm - Anabolic effects of nandrolone decanoate in patients receiving dialysis: a randomized controlled trial
jama_nandrolone_dialysis_rct_1999
Direct human RCT in dialysis patients; supports disease-associated wasting/anabolic effects, not nonmedical cycling.
Used by: Nandrolone Decanoate - ARA 290 improves symptoms in patients with sarcoidosis-associated small nerve fiber loss and increases corneal nerve fiber density
pubmed_ara290_sarcoidosis_sfn_2013
Randomized human sarcoidosis-associated small-fiber neuropathy study; supports symptom and corneal nerve-fiber-density signal in a narrow disease context.
Used by: ARA-290 / Cibinetide - Bergamot phytosome improved visceral fat and plasma lipid profiles
pubmed_bergamot_phytosome_2021
Randomized placebo-controlled trial in overweight/obese class I subjects with mild hypercholesterolemia.
Used by: Bergamot Phytosome - Bimagrumab plus semaglutide alone or in combination for the treatment of obesity: a randomized phase 2 trial
pmc_bimagrumab_semaglutide_phase2_2026
Peer-reviewed BELIEVE phase 2 obesity trial testing IV bimagrumab, SC semaglutide, and combinations; relevant to fat-share of weight loss, lean-mass preservation, muscle-spasm tolerability, and combination-therapy questions.
Used by: Bimagrumab, Semaglutide - Bimagrumab vs Optimized Standard of Care for Treatment of Sarcopenia in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A Randomized Clinical Trial
pubmed_bimagrumab_sarcopenia_2020
Larger sarcopenia RCT with optimized standard care; important functional-outcome counterweight to simple lean-mass enthusiasm.
Used by: Bimagrumab - Blood pressure changes with cagrilintide plus semaglutide treatment
pubmed_cagrisema_blood_pressure_2025
CagriSema human cardiometabolic endpoint analysis from obesity trial data.
Used by: Cagrilintide, Cagrilintide + Semaglutide / CagriSema - Body composition changes during weight reduction with tirzepatide in the SURMOUNT-1 study
pubmed_tirzepatide_surmount1_body_comp_2025
DXA/body-composition substudy from SURMOUNT-1; relevant to fat-mass versus lean-mass interpretation.
Used by: Tirzepatide - Bremelanotide for female sexual dysfunctions in premenopausal women: a randomized, placebo-controlled dose-finding trial
pubmed_bremelanotide_dose_finding_2016
Phase 2b dose-finding trial with subcutaneous bremelanotide.
Used by: Bremelanotide - Bremelanotide for the treatment of hypoactive sexual desire disorder: two randomized phase 3 trials
pubmed_bremelanotide_reconnect_phase3_2019
RECONNECT phase 3 randomized trials in premenopausal women with HSDD.
Used by: Bremelanotide - Cagrilintide-semaglutide in adults with overweight or obesity and type 2 diabetes
pubmed_cagrisema_redefine2_2025
REDEFINE 2 phase 3 trial in obesity/overweight with type 2 diabetes.
Used by: Cagrilintide, Cagrilintide + Semaglutide / CagriSema - Cardiovascular Safety of Testosterone-Replacement Therapy
pubmed_testosterone_traverse_cv_2023
TRAVERSE cardiovascular-safety trial in symptomatic hypogonadal men with pre-existing or high cardiovascular risk; replacement-therapy context, not supraphysiologic cycling.
Used by: Testosterone - Cerebrolysin and Recovery After Stroke (CARS): a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, multicenter trial
pubmed_cerebrolysin_cars_2016
Human stroke recovery RCT; disease-specific neurorehabilitation context.
Used by: Cerebrolysin - Cerebrolysin and repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in patients with traumatic brain injury: a randomized three-arm trial
pubmed_cerebrolysin_tbi_2023
Human TBI trial; keep separate from generalized nootropic claims.
Used by: Cerebrolysin - Cetoleic acid concentrate decreased serum LDL-cholesterol in adults with overweight or obesity
lifescience_cetoleic_acid_ldl_2026
British Journal of Nutrition randomized double-blind controlled clinical trial listing.
Used by: Cetoleic Acid Concentrate - Characterization of flare-ups and impact of garetosmab in adults with fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva: a post hoc analysis of the randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled LUMINA-1 trial
pubmed_garetosmab_lumina_flareups_2024
Post hoc phase 2 LUMINA-1 FOP analysis; disease-specific context for garetosmab effects on flare-ups and heterotopic ossification biology.
Used by: Garetosmab - Chronic nicotinamide riboside supplementation is well-tolerated and elevates NAD+ in healthy middle-aged and older adults
pubmed_nr_healthy_older_2018
Randomized crossover human NR study; supports oral NAD+ metabolome elevation and tolerability, with exploratory cardiovascular/metabolic endpoints.
Used by: Nicotinamide Riboside - Chronic treatment with tadalafil improves endothelial function in men with increased cardiovascular risk
pubmed_tadalafil_endothelial_cvrisk_2005
Randomized trial of tadalafil and endothelial function in men with increased cardiovascular risk; useful vascular-function context beyond ED symptom scores.
Used by: Tadalafil / Cialis - Clenbuterol induces lean mass and muscle protein accretion, but attenuates cardiorespiratory fitness and desensitizes muscle beta2-adrenergic signalling
pubmed_clenbuterol_lean_mass_protein_2025
Healthy-men trial with oral clenbuterol cycles; supports lean-mass/protein-accretion signal while documenting fitness and beta2-desensitization tradeoffs.
Used by: Clenbuterol - Clomiphene citrate and hCG are both effective in restoring testosterone in hypogonadism
pubmed_clomiphene_male_hypogonadism_rct_2018
Short-course randomized male hypogonadism study.
Used by: Clomiphene, Human chorionic gonadotropin - Co-administered once-weekly cagrilintide with semaglutide in type 2 diabetes
pubmed_cagrisema_t2d_phase2_2023
Phase 2 active-controlled trial; useful bridge between early coadministration physiology and phase 3 obesity results.
Used by: Cagrilintide, Cagrilintide + Semaglutide / CagriSema - Coadministered cagrilintide and semaglutide in adults with overweight or obesity
pubmed_cagrisema_redefine1_2025
REDEFINE 1 phase 3 obesity trial for cagrilintide plus semaglutide; combo evidence should be kept separate from standalone cagrilintide claims.
Used by: Cagrilintide, Cagrilintide + Semaglutide / CagriSema - Comparative Effects of Gymnema sylvestre and Berberine on Adipokines, Body Composition, and Metabolic Parameters in Obese Patients: A Randomized Study
pubmed_berberine_obesity_rct_2024
Randomized obesity study with body-composition, adipokine, and metabolic endpoints; useful direct body-composition context.
Used by: Berberine - Comparative effects of telmisartan and eprosartan on insulin sensitivity in overweight hypertensive patients
pubmed_telmisartan_insulin_overweight_2009
Randomized active-comparator study reporting insulin-sensitivity and lipid-profile advantages for telmisartan in overweight hypertensive patients.
Used by: Telmisartan - Continued Treatment With Tirzepatide for Maintenance of Weight Reduction in Adults With Obesity
pubmed_tirzepatide_surmount4_2024
SURMOUNT-4 randomized withdrawal/maintenance trial; direct human evidence that continued treatment maintains more weight loss than placebo withdrawal.
Used by: Tirzepatide - CVN424, a GPR6 inverse agonist, for Parkinson's disease and motor fluctuations
pubmed_cvn424_phase2_2024
Double-blind randomized phase 2 trial in Parkinson's disease OFF-time.
Used by: CVN424 - DHEA enhances effects of weight training on muscle mass and strength in elderly women and men
pubmed_dhea_weight_training_elderly_2006
Randomized trial reporting DHEA replacement enhanced resistance-training adaptations in elderly participants.
Used by: Dehydroepiandrosterone - Dose-dependent increase in intratesticular testosterone by very low-dose human chorionic gonadotropin in normal men with experimental gonadotropin deficiency
pubmed_hcg_dose_dependent_itt_2010
Controlled human model showing dose-dependent intratesticular testosterone response to very-low-dose hCG under experimental gonadotropin deficiency.
Used by: Human chorionic gonadotropin - Dose-response effects on HbA1c and bodyweight reduction of survodutide compared with placebo and open-label semaglutide in people with type 2 diabetes
pubmed_survodutide_t2d_phase2_2024
Human diabetes/weight phase 2 dose-response trial.
Used by: Survodutide - Double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled phase III trial of oxymetholone for the treatment of HIV wasting
pubmed_oxymetholone_hiv_wasting_phase3_2003
Phase III HIV-wasting RCT source for oxymetholone; serious indication and toxicity context, not casual mass-gain evidence.
Used by: Oxymetholone - Effect of 1 mg/day finasteride on concentrations of serum prostate-specific antigen in men with androgenic alopecia
pubmed_finasteride_psa_rct_2007
Randomized trial supporting PSA interpretation caveat even at 1 mg/day male-pattern-hair-loss dose.
Used by: Finasteride - Effect of administering kefir on the changes in fecal microbiota and symptoms of inflammatory bowel disease: A randomized controlled trial
pubmed_kefir_ibd_rct_2019
Open-label randomized IBD trial reporting fecal Lactobacillus/L. kefiri changes and short-term symptom/inflammation signals.
Used by: Milk Kefir - Effect of Bimagrumab vs Placebo on Body Fat Mass Among Adults With Type 2 Diabetes and Obesity: A Phase 2 Randomized Clinical Trial
pubmed_bimagrumab_obesity_t2d_phase2_2021
Direct obesity/T2D phase 2 RCT; ActRII blockade reduced fat mass, increased lean mass, and improved metabolic markers over 48 weeks.
Used by: Bimagrumab - Effect of coenzyme Q10 plus nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide supplementation on maximum heart rate after exercise testing in chronic fatigue syndrome
pubmed_coq10_nadh_cfs_2015
CoQ10 plus NADH randomized trial in CFS; combination evidence, so not cleanly attributable to NADH alone.
Used by: NADH - Effect of low-dose tadalafil once daily on glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes and erectile dysfunction: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study
pubmed_tadalafil_t2d_glycemic_pilot_2022
Pilot RCT of tadalafil 5 mg daily in type 2 diabetes with ED; useful for NO/cGMP-metabolic hypothesis but too small for general metabolic-drug claims.
Used by: Tadalafil / Cialis - Effect of salbutamol on muscle strength and endurance performance in nonasthmatic men
pubmed_salbutamol_strength_endurance_2000
Double-blind placebo-controlled study in nonasthmatic men; direct source for oral salbutamol ergogenic discussion.
Used by: Oral Salbutamol - Effect of seaweed (Ecklonia cava extract) on blood glucose and insulin level on prediabetic patients
pubmed_ecklonia_prediabetes_rct_2022
Human Ecklonia cava extract RCT; adjacent extract-level metabolic data, not isolated dieckol cardiovascular proof.
Used by: Dieckol - Effect of Subcutaneous Tirzepatide vs Placebo Added to Titrated Insulin Glargine on Glycemic Control in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: The SURPASS-5 Randomized Clinical Trial
pubmed_tirzepatide_surpass5_2022
Phase 3 type 2 diabetes RCT with tirzepatide added to insulin glargine; supports glycemic and body-weight effects in insulin-treated T2D context.
Used by: Tirzepatide - Effect of tesamorelin on visceral fat and liver fat in HIV-infected patients
pubmed_tesamorelin_liver_fat_2014
Randomized clinical trial in HIV abdominal fat accumulation.
Used by: Tesamorelin - Effect of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide on development of migraine headaches: a randomized clinical trial
pubmed_vip_migraine_rct_2021
Human provocative physiology trial; demonstrates biologic activity and headache risk.
Used by: VIP / Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide - Effects of an oral ghrelin mimetic on body composition and clinical outcomes in healthy older adults
pubmed_mk677_older_adults_2008
Two-year randomized trial of MK-677/ibutamoren in older adults.
Used by: Ibutamoren - Effects of anabolic steroids on physical performance
sciencedirect_methandienone_strength_1976
Older double-blind athletic-performance study involving methandienone; historical direct human evidence with dated methods.
Used by: Methandienone - Effects of Beta-Hydroxy-Beta-Methylbutyrate Supplementation on Older Adults with Sarcopenia: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study
pubmed_hmb_sarcopenia_rct_2023
Randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study in older adults with sarcopenia; useful for frailty/catabolic-context HMB claims.
Used by: HMB - Effects of Carnosine Supplementation on Cognitive Outcomes in Prediabetes and Well-Controlled Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomised Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial
pubmed_carnosine_cognition_diabetes_rct_2025
Recent randomized trial in prediabetes/well-controlled type 2 diabetes assessing cognitive outcomes; useful brain/metabolic context but not a gym-performance trial.
Used by: Carnosine / Beta-Alanine - Effects of clomiphene citrate on male obesity-associated hypogonadism
pubmed_clomiphene_obesity_hypogonadism_2018
Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled male obesity-associated hypogonadism study.
Used by: Clomiphene - Effects of enobosarm on muscle wasting and physical function in patients with cancer
pubmed_enobosarm_cachexia_phase2_2013
Double-blind randomized phase 2 cancer cachexia trial.
Used by: Enobosarm - Effects of phosphatidic acid supplementation on muscle thickness and strength in resistance-trained men
pubmed_phosphatidic_acid_resistance_men_2017
Human resistance-trained men trial; useful direct evidence for muscle thickness/strength outcomes with PA supplementation.
Used by: Phosphatidic Acid - Effects of retatrutide on body composition in people with type 2 diabetes
pubmed_retatrutide_body_comp_t2d_2025
Phase 2 substudy focused on body composition in type 2 diabetes; relevant to lean/fat mass interpretation of triple-agonist weight loss.
Used by: Retatrutide - Effects of short-term oral salbutamol administration on exercise endurance and metabolism
pubmed_salbutamol_endurance_metabolism_2000
Oral salbutamol exercise-endurance/metabolism trial; complements strength/endurance trial and reinforces route-specific beta2-agonist discussion.
Used by: Oral Salbutamol - Effects of subantimicrobial-dose doxycycline in moderate acne
jama_subantimicrobial_doxy_acne_2003
Moderate acne trial assessing lesions, skin flora, and resistant organisms.
Used by: Doxycycline - Effects of tesamorelin in HIV-infected patients with abdominal fat accumulation
pubmed_tesamorelin_2010
Randomized placebo-controlled trial with safety extension.
Used by: Tesamorelin - Effects of Tesamorelin on Neurocognitive Impairment in Persons With HIV and Abdominal Obesity
pubmed_tesamorelin_neurocognition_hiv_2025
Phase 2 randomized open-label trial testing tesamorelin for neurocognitive impairment in virally suppressed people with HIV and abdominal obesity; narrow disease-context evidence.
Used by: Tesamorelin - Effects of tesamorelin on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in HIV: a randomised, double-blind, multicentre trial
pubmed_tesamorelin_hiv_nafld_2019
Randomized multicenter trial in people with HIV and NAFLD; supports liver-fat and histology context for tesamorelin.
Used by: Tesamorelin - Effects of Testosterone Treatment in Older Men
pubmed_testosterone_trials_older_men_2016
Coordinated Testosterone Trials source for older hypogonadal men; supports indication-specific benefits and endpoint-specific limits.
Used by: Testosterone - Effects of TS-142, a novel dual orexin receptor antagonist, on sleep in patients with insomnia: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 2 study
pubmed_vornorexant_phase2_insomnia_2022
Phase 2 crossover insomnia study; single oral doses improved PSG sleep latency and wake after sleep onset versus placebo.
Used by: Vornorexant - Efficacy and possible mechanisms of action of a new peptide anxiolytic Selank in generalized anxiety disorders and neurasthenia
pubmed_selank_gad_2008
Russian comparative clinical study in GAD/neurasthenia; regional evidence and translation caveats apply.
Used by: Selank - Efficacy and safety of hydroxyzine in generalized anxiety disorder: a 3-month double-blind study
pubmed_hydroxyzine_gad_2002
Randomized double-blind placebo/active-comparator GAD trial; useful for anxiety claims distinct from sleep-stack anecdotes.
Used by: Hydroxyzine - Efficacy and safety of K-877 pemafibrate in European patients on statin therapy
pubmed_pemafibrate_phase2_europe_2022
Phase 2 randomized trial showing triglyceride lowering on top of statin therapy; contrasts with negative PROMINENT outcomes.
Used by: Pemafibrate - Efficacy and Safety of Mazdutide in Chinese Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Phase 2 Trial
pubmed_mazdutide_t2d_phase2_china_2023
Phase 2 T2D trial of mazdutide versus placebo/open-label dulaglutide; adds glycemic, weight, and safety context.
Used by: Mazdutide - Efficacy and safety of ospemifene in postmenopausal women with moderate-to-severe vaginal dryness
pubmed_ospemifene_vaginal_dryness_2019
Phase 3 randomized placebo-controlled trial for vaginal dryness due to VVA; direct clinical source.
Used by: Ospemifene - Efficacy and safety of setmelanotide in patients with Bardet-Biedl syndrome and Alstrom syndrome: a phase 3 trial
doi_setmelanotide_bbs_phase3_2022
Randomized placebo-controlled phase 3 trial with open-label period for Bardet-Biedl/Alstrom syndrome obesity context.
Used by: Setmelanotide - Efficacy and safety of tesamorelin in people with HIV on integrase inhibitors
pubmed_tesamorelin_instis_hiv_2024
Randomized trial analysis in people with HIV on INSTI regimens; supports visceral/liver fat and safety context in modern ART background.
Used by: Tesamorelin - Efficacy and safety of ultrahigh-dose methylcobalamin in early-stage amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a randomized clinical trial
pubmed_methylcobalamin_als_rct_2022
Human high-dose methylcobalamin disease-context evidence; not a general wellness injection proof.
Used by: Vitamin B12 / Cobalamin - Efficacy of sertraline in a 12-week trial for generalized anxiety disorder
pubmed_sertraline_gad_2004
Randomized adult GAD trial; direct psychiatric indication-adjacent evidence for anxiety symptom reduction, not acute panic-attack rescue.
Used by: Sertraline - Enclomiphene citrate stimulates testosterone production while preventing oligospermia: a randomized phase II clinical trial comparing topical testosterone
pubmed_enclomiphene_phase2_sperm_2014
Phase II trial comparing enclomiphene with topical testosterone; anchors endogenous testosterone plus sperm-preservation rationale.
Used by: Enclomiphene - Esmirtazapine for the Treatment of Chronic Primary Insomnia: A Randomized Long-Term Safety Study in Elderly Outpatients
kci_esmirtazapine_elderly_safety_2020
Long-term randomized elderly insomnia safety study; relevant to esmirtazapine tolerability and sleep endpoints, not current approved use.
Used by: Esmirtazapine - Esmirtazapine in non-elderly adult patients with primary insomnia
pubmed_esmirtazapine_insomnia_2015
Randomized outpatient insomnia trial.
Used by: Esmirtazapine - Feasibility of high-dose tadalafil and effects on insulin resistance in well-controlled patients with type 2 diabetes (MAKROTAD): a single-centre, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled, cross-over phase 2 trial
pubmed_tadalafil_makrotad_2023
Phase 2 crossover trial in type 2 diabetes; adds insulin-resistance/metabolic context at high-dose tadalafil with tolerability caveats.
Used by: Tadalafil / Cialis - Fenfluramine for treatment-resistant seizures in Dravet syndrome receiving stiripentol-inclusive regimens
pubmed_fenfluramine_dravet_rct_2019
Randomized clinical trial in Dravet syndrome; relevant to the restricted modern fenfluramine use case.
Used by: Fenfluramine - Fenfluramine in the treatment of Dravet syndrome: results of a third randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial
pubmed_fenfluramine_dravet_rct_2023
Additional randomized placebo-controlled Dravet syndrome trial with echocardiographic safety monitoring.
Used by: Fenfluramine - Finasteride in the treatment of men with androgenetic alopecia
pubmed_finasteride_aga_trials_1998
Two one-year placebo-controlled trials plus extension data in men with male pattern hair loss.
Used by: Finasteride - Forget me not: the effect of doxycycline on human declarative memory
sciencedirect_doxycycline_declarative_memory_2024
Healthy-human declarative learning and memory study.
Used by: Doxycycline - Galacto-Oligosaccharide RP-G28 Improves Multiple Clinical Outcomes in Lactose-Intolerant Patients
pubmed_rpg28_multiple_outcomes_2020
Multicenter blinded placebo-controlled RP-G28 study reporting clinical outcomes and fecal microbiome changes including Bifidobacterium.
Used by: Galactooligosaccharides / RP-G28 - Garetosmab in fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 2 trial
pubmed_garetosmab_fop_phase2_2023
Peer-reviewed LUMINA-1 FOP trial of IV garetosmab 10 mg/kg every 4 weeks; relevant for activin A blockade and safety, but not an obesity or performance trial.
Used by: Garetosmab - Garetosmab in Fibrodysplasia Ossificans Progressiva: Clinical Pharmacology Results from the Phase 2 LUMINA-1 Trial
pubmed_garetosmab_lumina_clinpharm_2023
Clinical pharmacology from phase 2 LUMINA-1; supports IV dosing, PK/PD, BMP9, immunogenicity, and exposure-response context for activin A blockade.
Used by: Garetosmab - GDF8 and activin A are the key negative regulators of muscle mass in postmenopausal females: a randomized phase I trial
nature_trevogrumab_garetosmab_phase1_2025
Peer-reviewed randomized phase 1 human pharmacodynamic study of trevogrumab and garetosmab, alone and together, with MRI/DXA body-composition endpoints and safety signals including muscle spasms.
Used by: Garetosmab, Trevogrumab - Glucagon and GLP-1 receptor dual agonist survodutide for obesity: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled dose-finding phase 2 trial
pubmed_survodutide_obesity_phase2_2024
Human obesity phase 2 trial.
Used by: Survodutide - Gynostemma pentaphyllum increases exercise performance and alters mitochondrial respiration and AMPK
mdpi_gynostemma_exercise_2023
Randomized crossover trial in healthy untrained males.
Used by: Gynostemma pentaphyllum Extract - Gypenoside L-containing Gynostemma pentaphyllum extract improves fatigue and physical performance
pubmed_gynostemma_gypenoside_l_2023
Double-blind randomized trial in 100 healthy adults.
Used by: Gynostemma pentaphyllum Extract - Improving lactose digestion and symptoms of lactose intolerance with a novel galacto-oligosaccharide (RP-G28): a randomized, double-blind clinical trial
pubmed_rpg28_lactose_rct_2013
Randomized double-blind RP-G28 trial using hydrogen breath testing and lactose-intolerance symptom endpoints.
Used by: Galactooligosaccharides / RP-G28 - L-Carnosine supplementation attenuated fasting glucose, triglycerides, advanced glycation end products, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha levels in patients with type 2 diabetes: a double-blind placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial
pubmed_carnosine_t2d_rct_2018
Direct oral L-carnosine RCT in type 2 diabetes with glycemic, triglyceride, AGE, and inflammatory endpoints.
Used by: Carnosine / Beta-Alanine - Low-dose hCG maintains intratesticular testosterone in normal men with testosterone-induced gonadotropin suppression
pubmed_hcg_intratesticular_2005
Mechanistically important for TRT-plus-hCG fertility discussions.
Used by: Human chorionic gonadotropin - Low-dose lemon myrtle supplementation enhances muscle hypertrophy in older adults undergoing low-load resistance training
pubmed_lemon_myrtle_lowdose_rct_2026
Older-adult resistance training plus lemon myrtle randomized controlled trial.
Used by: Lemon Myrtle Extract - LY3437943, a novel triple GIP, GLP-1, and glucagon receptor agonist in people with type 2 diabetes: a phase 1b, multicentre, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomised, multiple-ascending dose trial
pubmed_retatrutide_phase1b_t2d_2022
Phase 1b multiple-ascending-dose retatrutide/LY3437943 trial in T2D; adds early human PK/PD, glycemic, weight, and safety context before phase 2 obesity data.
Used by: Retatrutide - Major outcomes in high-risk hypertensive patients randomized to ACE inhibitor or calcium channel blocker vs diuretic: ALLHAT
pubmed_amlodipine_allhat_2002
Large randomized outcomes trial including an amlodipine arm; anchors benefits and comparator risks in hypertension rather than stack lore.
Used by: Amlodipine - Maslinic acid suppressed early onset muscle soreness and systemic fatigue after full marathon
jstage_maslinic_marathon_2025
Randomized double-blind placebo-controlled marathon trial.
Used by: Maslinic Acid - MK-677 reverses diet-induced catabolism
pubmed_mk677_catabolism_1998
Randomized human study of oral GH secretagogue MK-677 in diet-induced catabolism.
Used by: Ibutamoren - mTOR inhibition improves immune function in the elderly
pubmed_mtor_inhibition_elderly_immune_2014
Randomized elderly-volunteer trial using RAD001/everolimus before influenza vaccination; central human evidence for low-dose rapalog immunosenescence discussions.
Used by: Everolimus, Rapamycin / Sirolimus - Myostatin inhibitor ACE-031 treatment of ambulatory boys with Duchenne muscular dystrophy: results of a randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial
pubmed_ace031_dmd_trial_2017
Randomized DMD trial; stopped after second dosing regimen because of potential safety concerns including epistaxis and telangiectasias.
Used by: ACE-031 - Nandrolone decanoate safely combats catabolism in burned patients: A new potential indication after recall
pubmed_nandrolone_burns_rct_2021
Human burn-catabolism trial context for nandrolone; disease/injury setting rather than healthy enhancement.
Used by: Nandrolone Decanoate - Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome
pubmed_nadh_cfs_2010
Randomized oral NADH study in CFS; relevant to fatigue discussions, not a general energy enhancement claim.
Used by: NADH - Nicotinamide mononucleotide increases muscle insulin sensitivity in prediabetic women
pubmed_nmn_insulin_sensitivity_2021
Science RCT in postmenopausal overweight/obese women with prediabetes; direct NMN insulin-sensitivity source with narrow population scope.
Used by: Nicotinamide Mononucleotide - Nicotinamide mononucleotide supplementation enhances aerobic capacity in amateur runners: a randomized, double-blind study
pubmed_nmn_runners_2021
Human exercise-training NMN trial in amateur runners; supports aerobic-capacity endpoints, not broad anti-aging claims.
Used by: Nicotinamide Mononucleotide - Once-weekly cagrilintide for weight management in people with overweight and obesity
pubmed_cagrilintide_phase2_2021
Dose-finding phase 2 trial.
Used by: Cagrilintide - Once-weekly mazdutide in Chinese adults with obesity or overweight
pubmed_mazdutide_obesity_2025
More recent human obesity trial record.
Used by: Mazdutide - Once-Weekly Semaglutide in Adults with Overweight or Obesity
pubmed_semaglutide_step1_2021
STEP 1 trial.
Used by: Semaglutide - Oral enclomiphene citrate raises testosterone and preserves sperm counts in obese hypogonadal men
pubmed_enclomiphene_phase3_2015
Phase 3 studies compared with topical testosterone.
Used by: Enclomiphene - Oral enclomiphene citrate stimulates the endogenous production of testosterone and sperm counts in men with low testosterone: comparison with testosterone gel
pubmed_enclomiphene_vs_testosterone_gel_2013
Human comparison with testosterone gel; central source for why enclomiphene is discussed differently from exogenous testosterone.
Used by: Enclomiphene - Oral hyaluronan relieves wrinkles and improves dry skin: a 12-week double-blinded placebo-controlled study
pubmed_oral_hyaluronic_acid_skin_2021
Oral supplement context; product and molecular-weight specificity matter.
Used by: Hyaluronic Acid / Sodium Hyaluronate - Oxymetholone ameliorates insulin sensitivity in maintenance hemodialysis patients: a randomized controlled trial
pubmed_oxymetholone_hemodialysis_insulin_2009
Hemodialysis RCT source; demonstrates systemic metabolic/anabolic relevance but in high-medical-risk disease context.
Used by: Oxymetholone - Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Garetosmab (Anti-Activin A): Results From a First-in-Human Phase 1 Study
pubmed_garetosmab_phase1_2020
First-in-human garetosmab phase 1 study in healthy women; supports IV/SC exposure, total activin A target engagement, PK/PD, and early safety context.
Used by: Garetosmab - Phase 2/3 randomized clinical trial and open-label extension of elamipretide in Barth syndrome
pubmed_elamipretide_barth_phase23_2020
Randomized crossover Barth syndrome trial; primary endpoints were not met in the placebo-controlled part.
Used by: SS-31 / Elamipretide - Phosphatidic acid enhances mTOR signaling and resistance exercise induced hypertrophy
pubmed_phosphatidic_acid_mtor_hypertrophy_2014
Combines cell signaling and resistance-training supplementation data; direct anchor for phosphatidic acid as an mTOR-linked hypertrophy supplement claim.
Used by: Phosphatidic Acid - Prolonged oral treatment with MK-677 improves sleep quality in man
pubmed_mk677_sleep_1997
Human sleep/GH-axis study for MK-677; useful because ghrelin/GH effects can include sleep architecture and appetite/glucose tradeoffs.
Used by: Ibutamoren - Randomised placebo-controlled trial of dietary glutamine supplements for postinfectious irritable bowel syndrome
pubmed_glutamine_postinfectious_ibs_2019
Gut-specific randomized trial in postinfectious IBS-D with increased intestinal permeability; supports narrow gut-barrier context without generalizing to all GI claims.
Used by: Glutamine / L-Glutamine - Randomized controlled proof-of-concept trial of MK-7622 in Alzheimer's disease
pmc_m1_mk7622_ad_2018
Clinical translation anchor for M1 PAM target class.
Used by: No public entries linked. - Randomized dose-escalation trial of elamipretide in adults with primary mitochondrial myopathy
pubmed_elamipretide_pmm_dose_2018
MMPOWER phase 1/2 PMM trial; short IV dosing showed a dose-response signal on 6-minute walk distance while other endpoints were limited.
Used by: SS-31 / Elamipretide - Randomized trial of tamoxifen therapy vs prophylaxis in bicalutamide-induced gynecomastia
pubmed_tamoxifen_gynecomastia_2012
Male gynecomastia context; not a general PCT validation source.
Used by: Tamoxifen - Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin
pubmed_metformin_dpp_2002
Diabetes Prevention Program RCT; key human prevention/metabolic anchor for metformin versus lifestyle intervention.
Used by: Metformin - Retatrutide, a GIP, GLP-1 and glucagon receptor agonist, for people with type 2 diabetes
pubmed_retatrutide_t2d_2023
Phase 2 type 2 diabetes trial for the GLP-1/GIP/glucagon triple agonist retatrutide.
Used by: Retatrutide - Safety and efficacy of apitegromab in nonambulatory type 2 or type 3 spinal muscular atrophy (SAPPHIRE): a phase 3, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial
pubmed_apitegromab_sapphire_2026
Phase 3 SAPPHIRE SMA trial; useful for longer clinical-development evidence, but disease context is not obesity or healthy performance.
Used by: Apitegromab - Safety and Efficacy of Apitegromab in Patients With Spinal Muscular Atrophy Types 2 and 3: The Phase 2 TOPAZ Study
pubmed_apitegromab_topaz_2024
Phase 2 TOPAZ SMA study; adds disease-context human safety/function evidence for latent-myostatin inhibition.
Used by: Apitegromab - Safety and efficacy of mazdutide 9 mg and 10 mg in Chinese adults with type 2 diabetes
pubmed_mazdutide_t2d_highdose_2022
Human diabetes/metabolic phase 1b/2 dose context.
Used by: Mazdutide - Seladelpar efficacy and safety at 3 months in patients with primary biliary cholangitis: ENHANCE
pubmed_seladelpar_enhance_2023
ENHANCE phase 3 randomized placebo-controlled PBC study; adds direct human clinical context beyond the label.
Used by: Seladelpar - Selective androgen receptor modulation for muscle weakness in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a randomised control trial
pubmed_gsk2881078_copd_phase2_2022
Phase 2A COPD muscle-weakness trial of oral GSK2881078 plus exercise; disease-context SARM signal with sex-specific endpoint interpretation.
Used by: GSK2881078 - Semaglutide and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Obesity without Diabetes
pubmed_semaglutide_select_2023
SELECT cardiovascular outcomes trial; direct human evidence in obesity without diabetes, adding hard-outcome context beyond weight-loss trials.
Used by: Semaglutide - Single dose creatine improves cognitive performance and induces changes in cerebral high energy phosphates during sleep deprivation
nature_creatine_sleep_deprivation_2024
Scientific Reports crossover study using 0.35 g/kg oral creatine with 31P/1H MRS and cognitive testing during sleep deprivation.
Used by: Creatine - Single-Dose Creatine Reduces Sleep Deprivation-Induced Deterioration in Cognitive Performance
mdpi_creatine_sleep_deprivation_2026
Randomized controlled double-blind crossover study using a single 0.2 g/kg oral creatine dose during total sleep deprivation.
Used by: Creatine - Skeletal muscle adaptations to exercise are not influenced by metformin treatment in humans: secondary analyses of 2 randomized, clinical trials
pubmed_metformin_exercise_secondary_2022
Counterpoint human analysis finding skeletal-muscle exercise adaptations were not influenced by metformin in two randomized trials; keeps the exercise-blunting claim nuanced.
Used by: Metformin - Superiority of clomipramine over imipramine in the treatment of panic disorder: a placebo-controlled trial
pubmed_clomipramine_panic_1992
Panic-disorder RCT; relevant to anxiety/panic discussions, while label risks and tolerability still dominate practical use.
Used by: Clomipramine - Testosterone dose-response relationships in healthy young men
pubmed_testosterone_dose_response_2001
Graded testosterone-enanthate dosing under GnRH-agonist suppression; dose-dependent fat-free mass, muscle size, strength/power, hemoglobin, HDL, and IGF-1 effects.
Used by: Testosterone - Testosterone Restoration by Enclomiphene Citrate in Men with Secondary Hypogonadism: Pharmacodynamics and Pharmacokinetics
pubmed_enclomiphene_pkpd_2013
Dose-ranging phase II pharmacodynamic/pharmacokinetic source for enclomiphene in secondary hypogonadism.
Used by: Enclomiphene - The clinical effectiveness of sertraline in primary care: the PANDA randomized trial
pubmed_sertraline_panda_2019
Pragmatic double-blind placebo-controlled trial; relevant because anxiety symptoms improved earlier than depressive symptoms.
Used by: Sertraline - The effect of piceatannol from passion fruit seeds on metabolic health in humans
mdpi_piceatannol_metabolic_health_2017
Overweight-men subgroup showed reduced insulin, HOMA-IR, BP, and HR; effects were not broad across all groups.
Used by: Piceatannol - The effects of supraphysiologic doses of testosterone on muscle size and strength in normal men
pubmed_testosterone_supraphysiologic_muscle_1996
Landmark randomized human trial showing dose/exposure-linked muscle-size and strength effects; not a safety endorsement.
Used by: Testosterone - The efficacy and safety of beta-nicotinamide mononucleotide supplementation in healthy middle-aged adults
pmc_nmn_middle_aged_2022
Randomized multicenter dose-ranging NMN trial in healthy middle-aged adults; supports blood NAD and short-term safety/functional endpoints.
Used by: Nicotinamide Mononucleotide - The Efficacy and Safety of Evekeo, Racemic Amphetamine Sulfate, for Treatment of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Symptoms
pubmed_evekeo_rct_2015
Dose-optimized double-blind randomized placebo-controlled crossover laboratory-classroom study in pediatric ADHD.
Used by: Racemic Amphetamine Sulfate - The efficacy of thymosin alpha 1 for severe sepsis (ETASS): a multicenter randomized controlled trial
pmc_thymosin_alpha1_sepsis_etass_2014
Multicenter severe sepsis RCT; useful for immune-modulation evidence and limitations.
Used by: Thymosin alpha-1 - Therapeutic effects of oral NADH on the symptoms of patients with chronic fatigue syndrome
pubmed_nadh_cfs_pilot_1999
Small randomized double-blind crossover NADH pilot in chronic fatigue syndrome; disease-specific and preliminary.
Used by: NADH - THN102 during 40-hour total sleep deprivation in healthy subjects
pubmed_thn102_2019
Modafinil plus low-dose flecainide combination.
Used by: Flecainide, THN102 - Thymosin alpha 1 is associated with improved cellular immunity and reduced infection rate in severe acute pancreatitis patients
pubmed_thymosin_alpha1_pancreatitis_rct_2010
Double-blind randomized pilot trial with immune parameters and infection outcomes.
Used by: Thymosin alpha-1 - Thymosin beta 4 ophthalmic solution for dry eye: randomized phase II trial
pmc_tb4_dry_eye_2015
Full-length thymosin beta-4 topical/ophthalmic, not necessarily injected TB-500 fragment.
Used by: TB-500 / thymosin beta-4-related products - Tirzepatide for Weight Reduction in Chinese Adults With Obesity: The SURMOUNT-CN Randomized Clinical Trial
pubmed_tirzepatide_surmount_cn_2024
Phase 3 obesity trial in Chinese adults; adds population-specific tirzepatide weight-loss and safety evidence.
Used by: Tirzepatide - Tirzepatide Once Weekly for the Treatment of Obesity
pubmed_tirzepatide_surmount1_2022
SURMOUNT-1 trial.
Used by: Tirzepatide - Treatment of Sarcopenia with Bimagrumab: Results from a Phase II, Randomized, Controlled, Proof-of-Concept Study
pubmed_bimagrumab_sarcopenia_poc_2017
Phase 2 proof-of-concept sarcopenia trial; supports thigh muscle volume/lean-mass signals and helps test whether body-composition effects translate to function.
Used by: Bimagrumab - Treatment with LL-37 is safe and effective in enhancing healing of hard-to-heal venous leg ulcers: a randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial
pubmed_ll37_venous_ulcer_rct_2014
First-in-man topical LL-37 venous leg ulcer trial.
Used by: LL-37 - Tripeptide K(D)PT Is Well Tolerated in Mild-to-moderate Ulcerative Colitis: Results from a Randomized Multicenter Study
pubmed_kpv_kdpt_uc_rct_2017
Human randomized multicenter ulcerative-colitis study of K(D)PT, a related alpha-MSH-derived tripeptide analog; useful human tolerability/anti-inflammatory-pathway context but not direct proof for KPV products.
Used by: KPV - Triple hormone receptor agonist retatrutide for metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: a randomized phase 2a trial
pubmed_retatrutide_masld_phase2a_2024
Human MASLD substudy; retatrutide reduced liver fat, body weight, abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue, and visceral adipose tissue over 24 weeks.
Used by: Retatrutide - Triple-Hormone-Receptor Agonist Retatrutide for Obesity - A Phase 2 Trial
pubmed_retatrutide_obesity_2023
Phase 2 obesity trial; PubMed record for NEJM paper.
Used by: Retatrutide - Vitamin C and E supplementation hampers cellular adaptation to endurance training in humans: a double-blind, randomised, controlled trial
pubmed_vitamin_c_e_endurance_adaptation_2014
Human endurance-training RCT showing antioxidant supplementation can blunt cellular adaptation markers, supporting caution around high-dose chronic antioxidant use near training.
Used by: Vitamin C / Ascorbic Acid - Vitamin D Supplements and Prevention of Cancer and Cardiovascular Disease
pubmed_vitamin_d_vital_2019
Large VITAL randomized trial; useful negative/neutral context for broad disease-prevention claims in a general adult population.
Used by: Vitamin D / D3 - Yohimbine: the effects on body composition and exercise performance in soccer players
pubmed_yohimbine_soccer_players_2006
Randomized controlled trial in elite soccer players; fat-mass endpoint with limited generalizability.
Used by: Yohimbine
human rct negative
- Annual high-dose oral vitamin D and falls and fractures in older women: a randomized controlled trial
pubmed_high_dose_vitamin_d_falls_fractures_2010
Large annual bolus-dose vitamin D RCT reporting increased falls/fractures; key caution against megadose/bolus logic.
Used by: Vitamin D / D3 - Effect of glutamine supplementation combined with resistance training in young adults
pubmed_glutamine_resistance_training_2001
Randomized resistance-training trial in young adults; useful as a direct caution against treating isolated glutamine as a reliable hypertrophy adjunct.
Used by: Glutamine / L-Glutamine - Effects of salbutamol on the contractile properties of human skeletal muscle before and after fatigue
pubmed_salbutamol_contractile_properties_2011
Randomized double-blind acute oral salbutamol study in nonasthmatic recreational male athletes; found no relevant ergogenic effect on muscle contractility/fatigability.
Used by: Oral Salbutamol - Effects of vitamin D supplementation on androgens in men with low testosterone levels: a randomized controlled trial
pubmed_vitamin_d_low_testosterone_rct_2018
Randomized trial in men with low testosterone; useful counterweight to older/smaller positive testosterone claims.
Used by: Vitamin D / D3 - Efficacy and Safety of Elamipretide in Individuals With Primary Mitochondrial Myopathy: The MMPOWER-3 Randomized Clinical Trial
pubmed_elamipretide_pmm_mmpower3_2023
Phase 3 PMM trial; subcutaneous elamipretide was tolerated but did not improve 6MWT or fatigue endpoints versus placebo at 24 weeks.
Used by: SS-31 / Elamipretide - FDA briefing document mentioning AOD-9604 clinical development
fda_aod9604_briefing
FDA regulatory review summarizing AOD-9604 obesity clinical development; Phase 2B/OPTIONS did not support commercial obesity development, and most identified studies failed to show weight-reduction benefit versus placebo.
Used by: AOD9604 - Intranasal oxytocin in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder
pubmed_oxytocin_autism_phase2_2021
Large NEJM randomized trial in autism; important counterweight to broad social-cognition claims.
Used by: Oxytocin - Metformin blunts muscle hypertrophy in response to progressive resistance exercise training in older adults: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter trial: The MASTERS trial
pubmed_metformin_masters_hypertrophy_2019
MASTERS trial; central caution for performance users because metformin blunted resistance-training hypertrophy in older adults and trended against mTORC1 signaling.
Used by: Metformin - Recombinant human mechano growth factor does not improve muscle strength or performance in healthy men
pubmed_pegmgf_athlete_trial_2014
Human trial warning against assuming MGF/PEG-MGF has meaningful performance effects.
Used by: PEG-MGF / Pegylated Mechano Growth Factor - Safety and efficacy of intravenous bimagrumab in inclusion body myositis (RESILIENT): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 2b trial
sciencedirect_bimagrumab_resilient_2019
Large sIBM phase 2b trial; important negative functional-endpoint context despite muscle/lean-mass biology.
Used by: Bimagrumab - Seven days of piceatannol supplementation exerted no effect on fat metabolism
pubmed_piceatannol_no_fat_metabolism_2025
Short crossover trial found no effect on fat metabolism at rest or during/after exercise.
Used by: Piceatannol - Targeting the biology of ageing with mTOR inhibitors to improve immune function in older adults: phase 2b and phase 3 randomised trials
pubmed_rtb101_phase2b_phase3_2021
RTB101 older-adult phase 2b/phase 3 publication; important because early RTI/antiviral signals did not translate cleanly into the phase 3 primary endpoint.
Used by: RTB101 - The Effects of Four Doses of Vitamin D Supplements on Falls in Older Adults: A Response-Adaptive, Randomized Clinical Trial
pubmed_vitamin_d_falls_four_doses_2021
Dose-ranging fall-risk RCT in older adults; helps mark higher-dose vitamin D as not automatically better.
Used by: Vitamin D / D3 - The efficacy and safety of thymosin alpha 1 for sepsis (TESTS): multicentre, double blinded, randomised, placebo controlled, phase 3 trial
bmj_thymosin_alpha1_tests_sepsis_2025
Large phase 3 sepsis RCT; found no clear evidence that thymosin alpha 1 decreased 28-day all-cause mortality in adults with sepsis.
Used by: Thymosin alpha-1 - Triglyceride Lowering with Pemafibrate to Reduce Cardiovascular Risk
pubmed_pemafibrate_prominent_2022
PROMINENT outcomes trial; important direct negative/neutral evidence separating triglyceride lowering from cardiovascular event reduction.
Used by: Pemafibrate - Ursolic acid has no additional effect on muscle strength and mass in active men
pubmed_ursolic_human_null_2020
Human resistance-training/high-protein trial tempering anabolic claims.
Used by: Ursolic Acid - Vitamin D and Testosterone in Healthy Men: A Randomized Controlled Trial
pubmed_vitamin_d_testosterone_healthy_men_rct_2017
Randomized trial testing testosterone effects in healthy men; important for separating deficiency correction from testosterone-booster marketing.
Used by: Vitamin D / D3
human trial
- A clinical trial of intracavernous vasoactive intestinal peptide to induce penile erection
pubmed_vip_erection_trial_1990
Human erectile-function physiology/trial context for VIP.
Used by: VIP / Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide - A Phase 2 Clinical Trial on the Use of Cibinetide for the Treatment of Diabetic Macular Edema
pubmed_cibinetide_dme_phase2_2020
Phase 2 human diabetic macular edema trial; adds disease-specific clinical context for cibinetide beyond neuropathy, but not general recovery evidence.
Used by: ARA-290 / Cibinetide - A single ascending-dose study of muscle regulator ACE-031 in healthy volunteers
pubmed_ace031_healthy_volunteers_2013
Double-blind placebo-controlled single-dose ACE-031 study in healthy postmenopausal women; lean mass and thigh muscle volume signals at the highest dose.
Used by: ACE-031 - Antiestrogenic properties of raloxifene
pubmed_raloxifene_tamoxifen_male_antiestr_1995
Healthy-male volunteer study comparing raloxifene/tamoxifen endocrine responses to estrogen challenge; useful SERM mechanism anchor.
Used by: Raloxifene, Tamoxifen - Berberine is a novel cholesterol-lowering drug working through a unique mechanism distinct from statins
pubmed_berberine_ldlr_2004
Early human plus mechanistic source showing LDL-cholesterol reduction and LDL receptor upregulation mechanisms distinct from statins.
Used by: Berberine - Cibinetide improves corneal nerve fiber abundance in patients with sarcoidosis-associated small nerve fiber loss and neuropathic pain
pubmed_cibinetide_sarcoidosis_neuropathy_2017
Human neuropathy anchor for ARA-290/cibinetide; disease-specific and not a general recovery peptide proof.
Used by: ARA-290 / Cibinetide - Clinical and biochemical effects of stanozolol therapy for hereditary angioedema
pubmed_stanozolol_hae_1981
Clinical hereditary-angioedema source for stanozolol; indication-specific and not physique evidence.
Used by: Stanozolol - Clinical and metabolic effects of methyl-androstenediol and methandienone
pmc_methandienone_clinical_effects_1958
Older clinical methandienone/metabolic source; historically relevant but not modern safety-quality evidence.
Used by: Methandienone - Colonic adaptation to daily lactose feeding in lactose maldigesters reduces lactose intolerance
pubmed_colonic_adaptation_lactose_1996
Blinded crossover human work supporting the concept of microbial/colonic adaptation to repeated lactose exposure.
Used by: Galactooligosaccharides / RP-G28 - Danazol and stanozolol in long-term prophylactic treatment of hereditary angioedema
pubmed_stanozolol_hae_danazol_1980
Older HAE prophylaxis source comparing attenuated androgens; clinical route/context differs from PED use.
Used by: Stanozolol - DHEA in elderly women and DHEA or testosterone in elderly men
pubmed_dhea_elderly_nejm_2006
Two-year placebo-controlled trial; DHEA restored DHEA-S but did not improve VO2 peak, muscle strength, or insulin sensitivity.
Used by: Dehydroepiandrosterone - Does yohimbine act as a slimming drugbeta
pubmed_yohimbine_obesity_trial_1991
Small human obesity trial under low-energy diet conditions.
Used by: Yohimbine - Effectiveness of antiestrogens in infertile men
pubmed_antiestrogens_infertile_men_1993
Older male infertility antiestrogen follow-up; useful negative/mixed endpoint context for clomiphene/tamoxifen fertility claims.
Used by: Clomiphene, Tamoxifen - Effects of carnosine supplementation on glucose metabolism: Pilot clinical trial
pubmed_carnosine_glucose_pilot_2016
Small overweight/obesity pilot trial of oral carnosine for diabetes/cardiovascular risk markers; useful metabolic context with sample-size caveats.
Used by: Carnosine / Beta-Alanine - Effects of DSIP in man: multifunctional psychophysiological properties besides induction of natural sleep
pubmed_dsip_insomnia_1987
Older double-blind human DSIP psychophysiology/sleep studies; modern certainty is limited.
Used by: Delta Sleep-Inducing Peptide - Effects of GRF (1-29) NH2 on short-term memory: neuroendocrine and neuropsychological assessment in healthy young subjects
pubmed_grf129_memory_1990
Controlled healthy-young-subject GRF(1-29)NH2 study; useful for acute GH-response and CNS extrapolation caveats.
Used by: No public entries linked. - Effects of tadalafil administration on plasma markers of exercise-induced muscle damage, IL6 and antioxidant status capacity
pubmed_tadalafil_exercise_muscle_damage_2014
Double-blind crossover healthy-male trial around exhaustive exercise, oxidative status, IL-6, and muscle-damage markers; mechanistic recovery-adjacent but not hypertrophy proof.
Used by: Tadalafil / Cialis - Efficacy and Safety of Bimagrumab in Sporadic Inclusion Body Myositis: Long-term Extension of RESILIENT
pubmed_bimagrumab_resilient_extension_2021
Long-term extension of the sIBM program; reports IV dosing, safety, progressive functional decline, and limited durable functional signal.
Used by: Bimagrumab - Efficacy and safety of setmelanotide, an MC4R agonist, in individuals with severe obesity due to LEPR or POMC deficiency
pubmed_setmelanotide_pomc_lepr_phase3_2020
Open-label phase 3 POMC/PCSK1 and LEPR deficiency trials with placebo-withdrawal design; supports rare MC4R-pathway obesity use, not common obesity.
Used by: SC19 MC4R agonist lead, Setmelanotide - Efficacy of bioactive peptides loaded on hyaluronic acid microneedle patches: a monocentric clinical study
pubmed_snap8_microneedle_2020
Cosmetic peptide microneedle study including acetyl octapeptide-3/SNAP-8-style anti-wrinkle mechanism.
Used by: SNAP-8 / Acetyl Octapeptide-3 - Fertility outcomes in men with prior history of anabolic steroid use
pubmed_aas_prior_use_fertility_hcg_clomiphene_2023
Human fertility-recovery cohort using discontinuation plus clomiphene/hCG regimen; relevant to AAS-induced suppression discussions, not proof of safe cycling.
Used by: Clomiphene, Human chorionic gonadotropin - Follistatin Gene Therapy for Sporadic Inclusion Body Myositis Improves Functional Outcomes
pubmed_follistatin_sibm_trial_2017
Open-label sIBM AAV-FS344 gene-therapy report; relevant early human signal, but trial design and efficacy claims need the critique source alongside it.
Used by: Follistatin / FS344 - Kefir improves lactose digestion and tolerance in adults with lactose maldigestion
sciencedirect_kefir_lactose_digestion_2003
Human lactose-maldigestion study comparing milk, yogurt, and kefir; useful anchor for the lactose-tolerance discussion.
Used by: Milk Kefir - Long-term administration of gonadotropin-releasing hormone in men with idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism
pubmed_gonadorelin_hypogonadotropic_men_1986
Pulsatile GnRH/gonadorelin physiology and treatment source in hypogonadotropic men.
Used by: Gonadorelin - Long-term efficacy, safety, and patient-reported outcomes of apitegromab in patients with spinal muscular atrophy: results from the 36-month TOPAZ study
frontiers_apitegromab_topaz_36mo_2024
Open-label extension in SMA, not obesity; useful for longer human exposure and function/safety context around selective pro/latent-myostatin inhibition.
Used by: Apitegromab - Nicotinamide Riboside Augments the Aged Human Skeletal Muscle NAD+ Metabolome and Induces Transcriptomic and Anti-inflammatory Signatures
pubmed_nr_aged_muscle_2019
Aged human skeletal-muscle NR study; supports tissue NAD metabolome and transcriptomic signals, not a demonstrated hypertrophy or performance protocol.
Used by: Nicotinamide Riboside - Optimal treatment for spermatogenesis in male patients with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism
pmc_hmg_gnrh_spermatogenesis_hh_2019
Human HH comparison of pulsatile GnRH and HCG/HMG injection protocols for spermatogenesis-oriented endpoints.
Used by: Gonadorelin, HMG / Menotropins - Oxandrolone in AIDS-wasting myopathy
pubmed_oxandrolone_aids_wasting_1996
Human AIDS-wasting source anchoring oxandrolone anabolic effects in disease catabolism.
Used by: Oxandrolone - Oxandrolone in trauma patients
pubmed_oxandrolone_trauma_2000
Trauma-patient source for clinical catabolic-stress context; not a healthy-user performance result.
Used by: Oxandrolone - Oxymetholone therapy in HIV-wasting syndrome
pubmed_oxymetholone_hiv_wasting_1996
Human HIV-wasting clinical source for oral oxymetholone anabolic effects; toxicity limits generalization.
Used by: Oxymetholone - Pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and safety profile of the dual orexin receptor antagonist vornorexant/TS-142 in healthy Japanese participants
pubmed_vornorexant_phase1_pk_2023
Randomized double-blind placebo-controlled phase 1 single/multiple-dose PK/PD and safety studies in healthy Japanese participants.
Used by: Vornorexant - Phase II trial of the sigma-1 receptor agonist cutamesine (SA4503) for recovery enhancement after acute ischemic stroke
ovid_cutamesine_stroke_phase2_2014
Stroke phase 2 clinical trial; not evidence for general nootropic use.
Used by: Cutamesine - Recombinant human insulin-like growth factor I has significant anabolic effects in adults with growth hormone receptor deficiency
pubmed_rhigf1_laron_anabolic_2000
Adult Laron syndrome/GH receptor deficiency study with body-composition changes under rhIGF-1 replacement.
Used by: Mecasermin / Recombinant Human IGF-1 - Retatrutide for the treatment of obesity, obstructive sleep apnea and knee osteoarthritis: Rationale and design of the TRIUMPH registrational clinical trials
pubmed_retatrutide_triumph_design_2026
Design/rationale paper for phase 3 TRIUMPH obesity, OSA, and knee OA program; useful for current development direction and adiposity-related comorbidity framing.
Used by: Retatrutide - Skeletal muscle beta2-adrenoceptor density and muscle strength and hypertrophy response to beta2-agonist treatment with clenbuterol
pubmed_clenbuterol_healthy_men_2019
Human clenbuterol physiology/training source in healthy men; relevant to beta-2 anabolic/performance claims but still safety-limited.
Used by: Clenbuterol - Tadalafil improves lean mass and endothelial function in nonobese men with mild ED/LUTS: in vivo and in vitro characterization
pubmed_tadalafil_lean_mass_endothelial_2017
Human and in vitro tadalafil paper often cited in performance communities for lean mass/endothelial-function claims; population and endpoint limits should be preserved.
Used by: Tadalafil / Cialis - Tesamorelin improves fat quality independent of changes in fat quantity
pubmed_tesamorelin_fat_quality_2021
Secondary analysis of randomized tesamorelin trials in people with HIV; supports CT fat-density/fat-quality context beyond simple visceral-fat area.
Used by: Tesamorelin - The assessment of the clinical efficacy, vasoactive and metabolic effects of mexidol in elderly patients with discirculatory encephalopathy
pubmed_mexidol_encephalopathy_rct_2012
Small randomized clinical study in elderly patients with chronic cerebral ischemia/discirculatory encephalopathy; not evidence for healthy cognitive enhancement.
Used by: Mexidol - The beneficial effects of toremifene administration on the hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular axis and sperm parameters
pubmed_toremifene_oligozoospermia_2007
Male oligozoospermia study showing gonadotropin/testicular-axis effects; adjacent to PCT discussions but not a steroid-cycle recovery protocol.
Used by: Toremifene - The dietary effects of gellan gum in humans
tandfonline_gellan_gum_human_dietary_effects_1988
Older human dietary-effects/safety context for gellan gum exposure.
Used by: Gellan Gum - The effect of thymosin beta 4 treatment of venous ulcers
pubmed_tb4_ulcers_2010
Human wound-healing context for full-length Tbeta4.
Used by: TB-500 / thymosin beta-4-related products - The efficacy of Semax in the treatment of patients at different stages of ischemic stroke
pubmed_semax_rehab_2018
Russian clinical trial in ischemic stroke/rehabilitation with BDNF-related endpoints.
Used by: Semax - The influence of synthetic DSIP (delta-sleep-inducing-peptide) on disturbed human sleep
pubmed_dsip_human_sleep_1983
Small older human chronic-insomnia study using intravenous synthetic DSIP.
Used by: Delta Sleep-Inducing Peptide - TORC1 Inhibition with RTB101 as a Potential Pan-Antiviral Immunotherapy to Decrease the Incidence of Respiratory Tract Infections Due to Multiple Respiratory Viruses in Older Adults
pmc_rtb101_torc1_rti_2019
Conference-abstract style human source for the phase 2 RTI signal; useful as context but weaker than the full phase 2b/phase 3 paper.
Used by: RTB101 - Use of the synthetic superoxide dismutase/catalase mimetic EUK-134 to compensate for seasonal antioxidant deficiency by reducing pre-existing lipid peroxides at the human skin surface
pubmed_euk134_skin_lipid_peroxides_2004
Human topical skin-surface study; supports lipid-peroxide/photodamage mechanism, not systemic anti-aging efficacy.
Used by: EUK-134 - Vitamin C-enriched gelatin supplementation before intermittent activity augments collagen synthesis
pubmed_vitamin_c_gelatin_collagen_2017
Small randomized crossover human study pairing vitamin C-enriched gelatin with loading activity; useful for tendon/collagen rationale but not proof of injury healing.
Used by: Vitamin C / Ascorbic Acid
in vitro
- Anti-aromatase activity of constituents from damiana
sciencedirect_damiana_aromatase_2009
Damiana aromatase inhibition source.
Used by: Damiana Extract - Epithalon peptide induces telomerase activity and telomere elongation in human somatic cells
pubmed_epitalon_telomerase_2003
Human fetal fibroblast culture study reporting telomerase activity and telomere elongation after Epithalon exposure.
Used by: Epitalon / Epithalon - Flavonoid composition and sexual-enhancing mechanisms of Turnera diffusa extract
mdpi_damiana_pde5_aromatase_2026
PDE5 expression, aromatase activity, and nitric oxide mechanism source.
Used by: Damiana Extract - High-mesembrine Sceletium extract is a monoamine releasing agent
pubmed_vmat2_sceletium_2016
Reports VMAT2 upregulation after Sceletium extract treatment in cell models.
Used by: No public entries linked. - Investigating the impact of astaxanthin yogurt on gut microbiota and microbiota-mediated astaxanthin conversion using the SHIME model
rsc_astaxanthin_yogurt_shime_2026
Food & Function SHIME gut-simulator study reporting SCFA increases, microbiota shifts, and astaxanthin conversion signals.
Used by: Astaxanthin-fortified yogurt - Liposomes as Carriers of GHK-Cu Tripeptide for Cosmetic Application
pubmed_ghkcu_cosmetic_liposomes_2024
Formulation/in vitro cosmetic-delivery paper for GHK-Cu liposomes; useful for route/formulation specificity and topical claims.
Used by: GHK, GHK-Cu - Metabolic profiles of oligosaccharides derived from four microbial polysaccharides by faecal inocula from type 2 diabetes patients
pubmed_gellan_gum_oligosaccharide_fermentation_2021
In vitro human-faecal-inocula fermentation study including gellan gum oligosaccharides and microbiome metabolite profiling.
Used by: Gellan Gum - Prostaglandin EP2 receptor downstream of Notch signaling inhibits differentiation of human skeletal muscle progenitors
pubmed_pge2_ep2_muscle_progenitors_2020
Human skeletal muscle progenitor cell source for EP2/self-renewal biology; in vitro, not a muscle-growth protocol.
Used by: No public entries linked. - Protective effects of dieckol isolated from Ecklonia cava against high glucose-induced oxidative stress in HUVECs
sciencedirect_dieckol_huvec_2009
Direct dieckol endothelial-cell oxidative-stress source; mechanistic only.
Used by: Dieckol - Selective Androgen Receptor Modulator, YK11, Up-Regulates Osteoblastic Proliferation and Differentiation in MC3T3-E1 Cells
pubmed_yk11_osteoblasts_2018
Osteoblast cell source; supports broader AR/follistatin biology but remains non-human.
Used by: YK11 - Senolytic peptide FOXO4-DRI selectively removes senescent cells from in vitro expanded human chondrocytes
pubmed_foxo4dri_chondrocytes_2021
Human-cell senolytic support; no direct anti-aging clinical evidence.
Used by: FOXO4-DRI - The effect of tripeptide-copper complex on human hair growth in vitro
pubmed_ahkcu_hair_invitro_2007
AHK-Cu increased proliferation and hair-shaft elongation in human follicle organ culture / dermal papilla cell models.
Used by: AHK-Cu - YK11 regulates myogenic differentiation by follistatin expression
pubmed_yk11_follistatin_2013
C2C12 myoblast work underlying YK11 follistatin/myostatin claims.
Used by: YK11
institutional summary
- ATR-258 oral therapy for diabetes and obesity without loss of muscle mass
monash_atr258_cell_2025
Monash summary of Cell paper on pathway-selective beta-2 adrenergic agonism and glucose uptake.
Used by: ATR-258
label
- DailyMed label: Acetic Acid Irrigation, USP
dailymed_acetic_acid_irrigation_label
Label context for acetic acid as an irrigation/pH product, not a general injectable peptide solvent.
Used by: No public entries linked. - DailyMed label: AFINITOR everolimus tablet and AFINITOR DISPERZ everolimus tablet for suspension
dailymed_everolimus_label
Official everolimus label; oral mTOR inhibitor with cancer/TSC indications and warnings including pneumonitis, infection, metabolic, renal, and stomatitis risks.
Used by: Everolimus - DailyMed label: Bacteriostatic Water for Injection, USP
dailymed_bacteriostatic_water_label
Support-material label context; bacteriostatic water is a diluent, not an efficacy compound.
Used by: No public entries linked. - DailyMed label: buspirone hydrochloride tablet
dailymed_buspirone_label
FDA label source for buspirone.
Used by: No public entries linked. - DailyMed label: clomiphene citrate tablets
dailymed_clomiphene_label
Approved ovulation-induction label; male endocrine use is off-label.
Used by: Clomiphene - DailyMed label: clonidine hydrochloride extended-release tablets
dailymed_clonidine_er_label
Clonidine ER label for ADHD with hypotension/bradycardia, somnolence/sedation, and discontinuation/rebound cautions.
Used by: Clonidine - DailyMed label: Cyanocobalamin injection
dailymed_cyanocobalamin_label
Approved injectable vitamin B12 label context.
Used by: Vitamin B12 / Cobalamin - DailyMed label: dexmedetomidine hydrochloride injection
dailymed_dexmedetomidine_label
Official IV sedation label; useful for route, indication, bradycardia/hypotension, and interaction framing.
Used by: Dexmedetomidine - DailyMed label: diphenhydramine hydrochloride OTC allergy-relief tablet
dailymed_diphenhydramine_otc_label
OTC diphenhydramine label warning about duplicate diphenhydramine products and marked drowsiness.
Used by: Diphenhydramine - DailyMed label: DUAVEE conjugated estrogens/bazedoxifene
dailymed_bazedoxifene_duavee_label
Approved tissue-selective estrogen complex containing bazedoxifene.
Used by: Bazedoxifene - DailyMed label: EGRIFTA WR tesamorelin kit
dailymed_egrifta_label
Official tesamorelin label context for HIV-associated lipodystrophy, subcutaneous route, IGF-1 monitoring, glucose, neoplasm, and hypersensitivity warnings.
Used by: Tesamorelin - DailyMed label: EMSAM selegiline transdermal system
dailymed_emsam_label
Official label for transdermal selegiline in major depressive disorder; useful for route-dependent MAOI risk.
Used by: Selegiline - DailyMed label: ENDARI (L-glutamine oral powder)
dailymed_endari_label
Official L-glutamine label for reducing acute complications of sickle cell disease in patients 5 years and older; anchors dosing, adverse reactions, population gaps, and disease-specific scope.
Used by: Glutamine / L-Glutamine - DailyMed label: EVEKEO (amphetamine sulfate) tablet
dailymed_evekeo_label
U.S. label for racemic amphetamine sulfate; notes d/l enantiomer differences, CNS stimulant status, boxed misuse/addiction warning, and cardiovascular cautions.
Used by: Racemic Amphetamine Sulfate - DailyMed label: EVISTA raloxifene hydrochloride tablet
dailymed_raloxifene_label
Approved SERM label for postmenopausal osteoporosis and invasive breast cancer risk reduction.
Used by: Raloxifene - DailyMed label: FARESTON toremifene citrate tablet
dailymed_toremifene_label
Approved SERM label for metastatic breast cancer in postmenopausal women.
Used by: Toremifene - DailyMed label: finasteride tablet
dailymed_finasteride_label
Finasteride label covering 5-alpha-reductase inhibition, DHT suppression, indications, warnings, and adverse reactions.
Used by: Finasteride - DailyMed label: FINTEPLA fenfluramine oral solution
dailymed_fintepla_label
Official US label for fenfluramine oral solution; boxed/cardiac monitoring and serotonergic warnings anchor safety context.
Used by: Fenfluramine - DailyMed label: flecainide acetate tablet
dailymed_flecainide_label
Official flecainide label; includes CAST/proarrhythmia context and conduction-risk warnings.
Used by: Flecainide - DailyMed label: FORZINITY (elamipretide) injection
dailymed_forzinity_label
U.S. accelerated-approval label for Barth syndrome in patients weighing at least 30 kg.
Used by: SS-31 / Elamipretide - DailyMed label: hydroxyzine hydrochloride tablet
dailymed_hydroxyzine_label
Hydroxyzine label for anxiety/sedation/allergy contexts; warns about CNS depressant potentiation and QT prolongation/TdP reports.
Used by: Hydroxyzine - DailyMed label: IMCIVREE (setmelanotide) injection
dailymed_imcivree_label
Current U.S. label for subcutaneous setmelanotide/IMCIVREE; anchors approved indications, warnings, and administration route.
Used by: SC19 MC4R agonist lead, Setmelanotide - DailyMed label: INCRELEX mecasermin injection
dailymed_increlex_label
Mecasermin/rhIGF-1 label for severe primary IGF-1 deficiency; includes subcutaneous route, hypoglycemia, neoplasia, intracranial hypertension, and lymphoid hypertrophy warnings.
Used by: IGF-1 LR3 / DES(1-3)IGF-1, Mecasermin / Recombinant Human IGF-1 - DailyMed label: Menopur (menotropins for injection)
dailymed_menopur_label
Human menopausal gonadotropin label context.
Used by: HMG / Menotropins - DailyMed label: METFORMIN HYDROCHLORIDE tablet, film coated
dailymed_metformin_label
Official metformin label context: oral biguanide for type 2 diabetes, glycemic-control indication, dosing, contraindications, and lactic-acidosis/B12/renal precautions.
Used by: Metformin - DailyMed label: MYRBETRIQ mirabegron
dailymed_myrbetriq_label
Official overactive-bladder label context for oral route, dosing, blood-pressure warning, urinary-retention risk, and CYP2D6 interaction language.
Used by: Mirabegron - DailyMed label: Nandrolone decanoate injection
dailymed_nandrolone_decanoate_label
Official nandrolone decanoate label; anchors approved anemia context, IM route, androgen risks, and controlled-drug framing.
Used by: Nandrolone Decanoate - DailyMed label: nebivolol hydrochloride tablet
dailymed_nebivolol_label
Official nebivolol label for hypertension; anchors beta-blocker contraindications, abrupt-cessation warnings, bradycardia/hypotension context, and interaction cautions.
Used by: Nebivolol - DailyMed label: NORVASC amlodipine besylate tablet
dailymed_norvasc_label
Official US label for oral amlodipine hypertension and angina indications, dosing, contraindications, interactions, and adverse reactions.
Used by: Amlodipine - DailyMed label: Nutropin AQ NuSpin somatropin injection
dailymed_somatropin_label
Official somatropin label; anchors approved GH-deficiency and related indications, subcutaneous route, and safety warnings.
Used by: Human Growth Hormone / Somatropin - DailyMed label: OSPHENA ospemifene tablet
dailymed_ospemifene_label
Approved estrogen agonist/antagonist label for menopausal vulvar and vaginal atrophy symptoms.
Used by: Ospemifene - DailyMed label: Oxandrolone tablet
dailymed_oxandrolone_label
Official oral oxandrolone label for adjunctive weight gain/catabolic contexts and hepatic/lipid androgen warnings.
Used by: Oxandrolone - DailyMed label: PITOCIN oxytocin injection
dailymed_oxytocin_label
Oxytocin injection label for obstetric use; includes IV/IM route and water-intoxication/hyponatremia context.
Used by: Oxytocin - DailyMed label: Pregnyl chorionic gonadotropin for injection
dailymed_pregnyl_label
Official chorionic gonadotropin label; anchors indication, contraindication, ovarian hyperstimulation, thromboembolism, precocious puberty, and supervision cautions.
Used by: Human chorionic gonadotropin - DailyMed label: RITALIN (methylphenidate hydrochloride) tablet
dailymed_ritalin_label
Methylphenidate immediate-release label with ADHD/narcolepsy use, controlled-substance warning, and common stimulant adverse reactions.
Used by: Methylphenidate - DailyMed label: SIROLIMUS tablet, film coated
dailymed_sirolimus_label
Official label context for oral sirolimus, an mTOR inhibitor; includes approved indications, route, warnings, and adverse-effect monitoring.
Used by: Rapamycin / Sirolimus - DailyMed label: tamoxifen citrate tablet
dailymed_tamoxifen_label
Approved SERM label covering breast cancer treatment and risk-reduction contexts.
Used by: Tamoxifen - DailyMed label: telmisartan tablet
dailymed_telmisartan_label
Official telmisartan label for hypertension; anchors fetal-toxicity, hypotension, renal function, potassium, and interaction cautions.
Used by: Telmisartan - DailyMed label: Testosterone cypionate injection
dailymed_testosterone_cypionate_label
Official injectable testosterone label; anchors approved hypogonadism context, IM route, contraindications, and androgen adverse effects.
Used by: Testosterone - DailyMed label: trazodone hydrochloride tablet
dailymed_trazodone_label
Trazodone label covering serotonin syndrome, QT/cardiac arrhythmia risk, orthostatic hypotension/syncope, sedation, and priapism.
Used by: Trazodone - DailyMed label: VYLEESI bremelanotide injection
dailymed_vyleesi_label
Bremelanotide label context for acquired generalized HSDD in premenopausal women, subcutaneous route, nausea, blood-pressure, and hyperpigmentation warnings.
Used by: Bremelanotide - DailyMed label: VYVANSE (lisdexamfetamine dimesylate)
dailymed_vyvanse_label
Label for lisdexamfetamine capsules/chewables; ADHD and adult binge-eating-disorder indications plus stimulant misuse, cardiovascular, psychiatric, and appetite warnings.
Used by: Lisdexamfetamine - DailyMed label: WEGOVY semaglutide injection
dailymed_wegovy_label
Official semaglutide obesity-label context for subcutaneous route, titration, contraindications, and adverse-effect warnings.
Used by: Semaglutide - DailyMed label: ZENZEDI (dextroamphetamine sulfate) tablet
dailymed_zenzedi_label
Dextroamphetamine sulfate label with ADHD/narcolepsy use, controlled-substance warning, and cardiovascular/psychiatric cautions.
Used by: Dextroamphetamine - DailyMed label: ZEPBOUND tirzepatide injection
dailymed_zepbound_label
Official tirzepatide obesity-label context for subcutaneous route, dose escalation, contraindications, GI/gallbladder/pancreatitis warnings, and related precautions.
Used by: Tirzepatide - FDA label for selegiline hydrochloride orally disintegrating tablets
fda_selegiline_label
Official drug label.
Used by: Selegiline - FDA label: Anadrol-50 oxymetholone tablets
fda_oxymetholone_label
Official oxymetholone label for anemia context, oral route, and serious hepatic warnings.
Used by: Oxymetholone - FDA label: Anafranil clomipramine hydrochloride
fda_clomipramine_label
Official label.
Used by: Clomipramine - FDA label: Norvasc amlodipine besylate
fda_amlodipine_label
Official label.
Used by: Amlodipine - FDA label: seladelpar lysine
fda_seladelpar_label_2026
Official label identifies seladelpar as a PPAR-delta agonist.
Used by: Seladelpar - FDA label: Zoloft sertraline hydrochloride
fda_sertraline_label
Official label.
Used by: Sertraline - Tadalafil tablet, film coated - Prescribing Information
dailymed_tadalafil_label
DailyMed label for oral tadalafil, including ED/BPH dosing, nitrate/riociguat contraindications, alpha-blocker/antihypertensive cautions, and common adverse effects.
Used by: PDE5 inhibitors / Cialis / Viagra, Tadalafil / Cialis - VIAGRA (sildenafil citrate) tablets - Prescribing Information
dailymed_viagra_label
DailyMed label for oral sildenafil/Viagra, including ED dosing, nitrate/riociguat contraindications, CYP3A4 interaction cautions, and adverse-effect profile.
Used by: PDE5 inhibitors / Cialis / Viagra, Sildenafil / Viagra
mechanistic
- Bioactivity and Compound Identification in Extracts from Three Australian Populations of Portulaca oleracea
pubmed_portulaca_oleracein_characterization_2025
Oleracein structural/antioxidant characterization source for purslane chemistry; not direct vascular-dementia efficacy.
Used by: Oleracein E - Biological activity of the E domain of the IGF-1Ec as addressed by synthetic peptides
pubmed_mgf_review_2010
Mechanistic IGF-1Ec/MGF peptide background; not equivalent to direct clinical hypertrophy evidence.
Used by: PEG-MGF / Pegylated Mechano Growth Factor - Development of Cagrilintide, a Long-Acting Amylin Analogue
pubmed_cagrilintide_development_2021
Drug-development paper covering structure/activity work that produced lipidated long-acting cagrilintide for obesity trials.
Used by: Cagrilintide - Differential DNA-binding and cofactor recruitment are possible determinants of the synthetic steroid YK11-dependent gene expression by androgen receptor
pubmed_yk11_ar_cofactor_dna_binding_2022
Mechanistic AR DNA-binding/cofactor-recruitment source; helps explain why YK11 is not interchangeable with nonsteroidal SARMs.
Used by: YK11 - EDR peptide: possible mechanism of gene expression and protein synthesis regulation involved in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer disease
pubmed_pinealon_edr_alz_2020
Mechanistic EDR/Pinealon gene-expression paper.
Used by: Pinealon - Ethylmethylhydroxypyridine Succinate Is an Inhibitor but Not a Substrate of ABCB1 and SLCO1B1
pubmed_mexidol_transporter_2023
Transporter-interaction study; useful for mechanism and drug-interaction hypotheses, not efficacy.
Used by: Mexidol - Intracellular binding site for a D1 receptor positive allosteric modulator
pubmed_d1_pam_2018
DETQ/CID D1 PAM binding-site work.
Used by: No public entries linked. - LY3437943, a novel triple glucagon, GIP, and GLP-1 receptor agonist for glycemic control and weight loss: From discovery to clinical proof of concept
pubmed_retatrutide_discovery_clinical_poc_2022
Discovery and translational pharmacology paper: receptor activity, obese mouse effects, energy-expenditure contribution from glucagon receptor activity, and clinical proof-of-concept bridge.
Used by: Retatrutide - Mechanism of allosteric modulation of nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase to elevate cellular NAD
pubmed_nampt_allosteric_2023
NAMPT allosteric activator mechanism; includes P7C3-A20 context.
Used by: No public entries linked. - Mechanism of dopamine binding and allosteric modulation of the human D1 receptor
pmc_d1_mechanism_2021
Structural D1 allostery background.
Used by: No public entries linked. - New cardioactive steroid saponins and other glycosides from Mexican Tribulus cistoides
pubmed_tribulus_cistoides_saponins_1996
Species-specific chemistry source; supports that T. cistoides contains bioactive saponin/glycoside chemistry, not sexual-function efficacy.
Used by: Tribulus cistoides Extract - Paeonol attenuates inflammation by targeting HMGB1
pmc_paeonol_hmgb1_2019
HMGB1/miR-339-5p inflammatory signaling source.
Used by: Paeonol - Parameters for irreversible inactivation of monoamine oxidase
pubmed_maoi_irreversible_2020
MAOI mechanism background.
Used by: Clorgyline - PGE2 receptor EP2 is indispensable for maintenance of skeletal muscle stem cells
oxford_pge2_ep2_muscle_stem_2026
Muscle stem cell EP2/PGE2 mechanism paper.
Used by: No public entries linked. - Pharmacological inhibition of TRPV3 by natural forsythoside B attenuates pruritus and cytotoxicity of keratinocytes
sciencedirect_forsythosideb_trpv3_2019
Related TRPV3-inhibitor source for the same phenylethanoid-glycoside/TRPV3 hair-skin mechanism family; not direct forsythoside A hair-regrowth evidence.
Used by: Forsythoside A - Phosphatidic acid: a novel mechanical mechanism for how resistance exercise activates mTORC1 signalling
pmc_phosphatidic_acid_mtor_mechanical_2009
Mechanistic discussion of phosphatidic acid as part of mechanical activation of mTORC1 in skeletal muscle.
Used by: Phosphatidic Acid - Production and protein kinase C activation of diacylglycerols containing polymethylene-interrupted PUFA
pubmed_sciadonic_dag_pkc_2005
Mechanistic source showing sciadonic acid can be incorporated into signaling lipid species; indirect context for its unusual lipid biology.
Used by: Sciadonic Acid - Steroids interfere with human carbonic anhydrase activity by alternative binding mechanisms
pmc_steroids_carbonic_anhydrase_2018
Steroid derivative interactions with carbonic anhydrases.
Used by: No public entries linked. - Structural basis for telmisartan-mediated partial activation of PPAR gamma
nature_telmisartan_ppargamma_structure
Structural/mechanistic paper.
Used by: Telmisartan - Structural basis of positive allosteric modulation of metabotropic glutamate receptor activation
pubmed_mglur_pam_structure_2024
Structural/mechanistic group II/III mGluR PAM paper.
Used by: No public entries linked. - The dual GCGR/GLP-1R agonist survodutide: Biomarkers and pharmacological profiling for clinical candidate selection
pubmed_survodutide_candidate_selection_2024
Biomarker and pharmacological profiling paper explaining candidate selection among dual GCGR/GLP-1R agonists; useful mechanism/translation context.
Used by: Survodutide - The mitochondria-targeted peptide SS-31 binds lipid bilayers and modulates surface electrostatics
pubmed_ss31_bilayer_mechanism_2020
Biophysical mechanism source for SS-31/elamipretide membrane and cardiolipin-linked activity.
Used by: SS-31 / Elamipretide - Transporter-mediated actions of R-(-)-1-(benzofuran-2-yl)-2-propylaminopentane
pubmed_bpap_transporter_2003
Direct BPAP transporter/source pharmacology; helps separate older monoamine-enhancer framing from newer TAAR1 hypotheses.
Used by: (-)-BPAP - Tricyclic and tetracyclic antidepressants upregulate VMAT2 activity and rescue VMAT2 variants
pubmed_vmat2_antidepressants_2023
VMAT2 upregulation/rescue in cellular systems.
Used by: No public entries linked.
medicinal chemistry
- Chemistry-led investigations into the mode of action of NAMPT activators
pubmed_nampt_activator_discovery_2023
Medicinal-chemistry source on NAMPT activator mode of action and non-pyridyl activators.
Used by: No public entries linked. - Discovery and Characterization of CEP-26401, Irdabisant: A Potent, Selective Histamine H3 Receptor Inverse Agonist
acs_irdabisant_cep26401_2011
Direct medicinal-chemistry characterization of irdabisant/CEP-26401; supports receptor identity and CNS-drug rationale, not clinical efficacy.
Used by: Irdabisant - Discovery of the first selective, nonpeptidic orexin 2 receptor agonists
pubmed_orexin2_agonists_2015
OX2R agonist field context.
Used by: Declozindol - Kinetically selective inhibitors of HDAC2 as cognition enhancers
pubmed_hdac2_inhibitors_2015
Selective HDAC2 inhibitor feasibility paper.
Used by: No public entries linked. - Melanocyte-Directed enzyme prodrug therapy: development of second generation prodrugs for targeted treatment of malignant melanoma
pubmed_melanocyte_directed_prodrugs_2001
Older tyrosinase-activated prodrug design source; useful as platform precedent only.
Used by: No public entries linked. - Neuroactive steroid NMDA receptor positive allosteric modulators
pubmed_nmda_pam_sge301_2019
SAR leading to SGE-301.
Used by: No public entries linked. - Novel inhibitors of nicotinamide N-methyltransferase for metabolic disorders
pubmed_5amino1mq_nnmt_2021
NNMT inhibitor chemistry; not a human weight-loss trial.
Used by: 5-Amino-1MQ - Salen-manganese complexes as catalytic scavengers of hydrogen peroxide and cytoprotective agents: structure-activity relationship studies
pubmed_salen_manganese_sar_2002
Chemistry/SAR source for salen-manganese SOD/catalase-mimetic properties including EUK-8 and EUK-134 context.
Used by: EUK-134 - SAR investigation and synergistic optimization of setmelanotide yields a potent, selective, and soluble MC4R agonist
pubmed_sc19_mc4r_sar_2026
SC19 setmelanotide-analog SAR source; reports MC4R potency/selectivity, improved solubility, and diet-induced obesity mouse efficacy.
Used by: SC19 MC4R agonist lead - Synthesis and characterization of the N-terminal acetylated 17-23 fragment of thymosin beta 4 identified in TB-500
pubmed_tb500_fragment_characterization_2012
Direct TB-500 chemistry source: identifies Ac-LKKTETQ, the N-acetylated 17-23 fragment of human thymosin beta-4; not an efficacy study.
Used by: TB-500 / thymosin beta-4-related products - Synthesis and pharmacological profiling of BQCA analogues as M1 muscarinic allosteric modulators
pubmed_m1_bqca_2013
M1 PAM medicinal chemistry and pharmacology.
Used by: No public entries linked. - Thyromimetics with improved selectivity for thyroid hormone receptor beta
pubmed_thr_beta_thyromimetics_2004
Background on TR-beta selective agonist design.
Used by: Elunetirom
meta analysis
- A meta-analysis of randomized trials of telmisartan versus active controls for insulin resistance in hypertensive patients
pubmed_telmisartan_insulin_meta_2014
Meta-analysis of RCTs testing whether telmisartan improves insulin-resistance markers versus active antihypertensive comparators.
Used by: Telmisartan - A systematic review, meta-analysis and meta-regression of the effect of protein supplementation on resistance training-induced gains in muscle mass and strength in healthy adults
pubmed_protein_resistance_training_meta_2018
Meta-analysis/meta-regression of dietary protein supplementation during resistance exercise training.
Used by: Protein Supplementation - Acute Effect of Citrulline Malate on Repetition Performance During Strength Training: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
pubmed_lcitrulline_strength_meta_2021
Human strength-training meta-analysis for citrulline malate repetition performance; useful for gym-performance claims.
Used by: Citrulline / L-Citrulline - Adverse sexual effects of treatment with finasteride or dutasteride for male androgenetic alopecia: a systematic review and meta-analysis
pubmed_finasteride_sexual_adverse_meta_2018
Meta-analysis of sexual adverse effects in male androgenetic alopecia treatment with finasteride or dutasteride.
Used by: Finasteride - Beneficial effects of l-carnitine supplementation for weight management in overweight and obese adults: An updated systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
pubmed_lcarnitine_obesity_dose_meta_2020
Updated RCT dose-response meta-analysis for overweight/obesity indices; supports modest weight-management discussion.
Used by: L-carnitine - Beta-alanine supplementation to improve exercise capacity and performance: a systematic review and meta-analysis
pubmed_beta_alanine_performance_meta_2017
Human exercise-performance meta-analysis for beta-alanine, the main supplement route used to raise skeletal-muscle carnosine.
Used by: Carnosine / Beta-Alanine - Clomiphene citrate for male infertility: A systematic review and meta-analysis
pubmed_clomiphene_male_infertility_meta_2023
Male infertility meta-analysis; anchors fertility-oriented clomiphene claims and endpoint limitations.
Used by: Clomiphene - Clomiphene citrate for men with hypogonadism: a systematic review and meta-analysis
pubmed_clomiphene_hypogonadism_meta_2022
Male hypogonadism systematic review/meta-analysis; supports testosterone/gonadotropin effects while preserving distinction from exogenous TRT.
Used by: Clomiphene - Clomiphene or enclomiphene citrate for the treatment of male hypogonadism: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
pubmed_enclomiphene_serm_hypogonadism_meta_2025
RCT meta-analysis for clomiphene/enclomiphene in male hypogonadism; useful for HPTA-stimulation framing.
Used by: Enclomiphene - Direct comparison of tadalafil with sildenafil for the treatment of erectile dysfunction: a systematic review and meta-analysis
pubmed_tadalafil_sildenafil_meta_2017
Head-to-head tadalafil versus sildenafil systematic review/meta-analysis; useful for duration/tolerability preference framing without implying one is universally superior.
Used by: PDE5 inhibitors / Cialis / Viagra, Sildenafil / Viagra, Tadalafil / Cialis - Dual orexin receptor antagonists for the treatment of insomnia: systematic review and network meta-analysis
pubmed_dora_network_meta_2023
Systematic review/network meta-analysis for DORAs in insomnia; provides class context for vornorexant comparisons.
Used by: Vornorexant - Effect of beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate supplementation on muscle loss in older adults
pubmed_hmb_older_adults_meta_2015
Older-adult muscle-loss meta-analysis; helps distinguish frailty/catabolic contexts from trained-young-lifter expectations.
Used by: HMB - Effect of Bimagrumab on body composition: a systematic review and meta-analysis
pubmed_bimagrumab_bodycomp_meta_2024
Meta-analysis across bimagrumab studies for body composition and physical-performance context; important for separating lean-mass changes from functional benefit.
Used by: Bimagrumab - Effect of Daily Vitamin D3 Supplementation on Muscle Health: An Individual Participant Meta-analysis
pubmed_vitamin_d_muscle_health_ipd_meta_2022
Individual-participant meta-analysis reporting no broad muscle-health benefit overall, including insufficient participants; useful against overclaiming.
Used by: Vitamin D / D3 - Effect of food sources of nitrate, polyphenols, L-arginine and L-citrulline on endurance exercise performance
pubmed_lcitrulline_exercise_meta_2021
Systematic review/meta-analysis of randomized trials for nitric-oxide-related food compounds including L-citrulline and exercise performance.
Used by: Citrulline / L-Citrulline - Effect of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and co-agonists on body composition
pubmed_glp1_body_composition_network_meta_2025
Network meta-analysis comparing body-composition effects across GLP-1 receptor agonists and co-agonists.
Used by: Retatrutide, Semaglutide, Tirzepatide - Effect of L-Arginine Supplementation on Blood Pressure in Adults: A Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-analysis
pubmed_arginine_bp_meta_2022
Human RCT meta-analysis for blood pressure; useful vascular endpoint context for arginine/NO claims.
Used by: Arginine - Effect of nebivolol on erectile function: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
pubmed_nebivolol_ed_meta_2025
Meta-analysis of RCTs comparing nebivolol and metoprolol for erectile-function outcomes.
Used by: Nebivolol - Effect of vitamin C on endothelial function in health and disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials
pubmed_vitamin_c_endothelial_meta_2014
Human RCT meta-analysis for endothelial-function outcomes; anchors vascular claims to flow-mediated/vascular-function evidence rather than generic antioxidant language.
Used by: Vitamin C / Ascorbic Acid - Effects of carnosine and histidine-containing dipeptides on biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress: a systematic review and meta-analysis
pmc_carnosine_hcd_inflammation_meta_2024
Open-access systematic review/meta-analysis of carnosine and histidine-containing dipeptides for inflammatory and oxidative-stress biomarkers.
Used by: Carnosine / Beta-Alanine - Effects of exercise, metformin and their combination on glucose metabolism in individuals with abnormal glycaemic control: a systematic review and network meta-analysis
pubmed_metformin_exercise_glucose_network_meta_2024
Network meta-analysis comparing exercise, metformin, and combination treatment in prediabetes/T2D; useful for positioning metformin against lifestyle/exercise effects.
Used by: Metformin - Effects of HMB supplementation during resistance training on strength and body composition
pubmed_hmb_training_meta_2009
Found trivial effects in trained lifters and small effects in untrained men.
Used by: HMB - Effects of L-carnitine supplementation on weight loss and body composition
pubmed_lcarnitine_weight_meta_2020
Randomized clinical-trial meta-analysis; mostly oral supplementation, not injectable or non-trial use.
Used by: L-carnitine - Effects of L-citrulline supplementation on blood pressure: A systematic review and meta-analysis
pubmed_lcitrulline_bp_meta_2019
Human clinical-trial meta-analysis; supports modest oral citrulline blood-pressure signal with dose/population caveats.
Used by: Citrulline / L-Citrulline - Effects of leucine-rich protein supplements in older adults with sarcopenia: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
pubmed_leucine_sarcopenia_meta_2022
RCT meta-analysis in sarcopenic older adults; relevant to leucine-rich protein rather than isolated leucine as a drug-like anabolic.
Used by: Leucine - Effects of spirulina supplementation alone or with exercise on cardiometabolic health in overweight and obese adults
pubmed_spirulina_cardiometabolic_meta_2025
Human systematic review/meta-analysis of spirulina cardiometabolic endpoints; does not isolate purified phycocyanobilin.
Used by: Phycocyanobilin / Spirulina - Effects of vitamin C supplementation on blood pressure: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
pubmed_vitamin_c_bp_meta_2012
RCT meta-analysis for oral vitamin C and blood-pressure outcomes; useful cardiovascular-adjacent context with short-trial limitations.
Used by: Vitamin C / Ascorbic Acid - Effects of vitamin D supplementation on maximal strength and power in athletes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
pubmed_vitamin_d_strength_power_athletes_meta_2023
Athlete-focused RCT meta-analysis for strength and power outcomes; better fit for performance framing than generic deficiency sources alone.
Used by: Vitamin D / D3 - Efficacy and Safety of Berberine Alone for Several Metabolic Disorders: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials
pubmed_berberine_metabolic_disorders_meta_2021
Meta-analysis of randomized trials across metabolic disorders; useful broad human anchor for glycemic, lipid, BMI, and safety signals.
Used by: Berberine - Efficacy and Safety of Cagrilintide Alone and in Combination with Semaglutide (Cagrisema) as Anti-Obesity Medications: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
pubmed_cagrilintide_cagrisema_meta_2024
Meta-analysis covering cagrilintide alone and CagriSema; useful synthesis but limited by few RCTs and combination attribution issues.
Used by: Cagrilintide, Cagrilintide + Semaglutide / CagriSema - Efficacy and safety of cagrilintide plus semaglutide for overweight and obesity: systematic review and meta-analysis
pubmed_cagrisema_meta_2026
Human evidence synthesis for CagriSema; useful for keeping combo claims separate from standalone semaglutide.
Used by: Cagrilintide, Cagrilintide + Semaglutide / CagriSema - Efficacy and safety of Mazdutide on weight loss among diabetic and non-diabetic patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
pubmed_mazdutide_meta_2024
RCT meta-analysis of mazdutide weight-loss efficacy and safety across diabetic and non-diabetic adults.
Used by: Mazdutide - Efficacy and safety of oral phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors for erectile dysfunction: a network meta-analysis and multicriteria decision analysis
pubmed_pde5_ed_network_meta_2020
Network meta-analysis comparing PDE5 inhibitors for ED efficacy and adverse effects; useful class-level efficacy/safety context.
Used by: PDE5 inhibitors / Cialis / Viagra, Sildenafil / Viagra - Efficacy and Safety of Semaglutide for Weight Loss in Obesity Without Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
pubmed_semaglutide_obesity_meta_2023
RCT meta-analysis in adults with obesity/overweight without diabetes; supports weight-loss efficacy and GI/discontinuation safety framing beyond a single STEP trial.
Used by: Semaglutide - Efficacy and safety of survodutide on glycemic control and weight loss in adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis
pubmed_survodutide_meta_2025
Meta-analysis of RCTs evaluating survodutide glycemic, weight, waist, lipid, blood-pressure, and adverse-event outcomes.
Used by: Survodutide - Efficacy of Sildenafil on healthy humans in high-altitude hypoxia at rest and during exercise: A meta-analysis
pubmed_sildenafil_hypoxia_meta_2024
Recent meta-analysis on sildenafil in healthy humans exposed to high-altitude hypoxia; supports route-specific and environment-specific performance context.
Used by: PDE5 inhibitors / Cialis / Viagra, Sildenafil / Viagra - Efficacy, Acceptability, and Tolerability of Lisdexamfetamine, Mixed Amphetamine Salts, Methylphenidate, and Modafinil in Adult ADHD
sage_adult_adhd_stimulants_meta_2019
Systematic review/meta-analysis comparing adult ADHD stimulant and modafinil trial evidence.
Used by: Dextroamphetamine, Lisdexamfetamine, Methylphenidate - Glucose-lowering effect of berberine on type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis
pubmed_berberine_t2d_glucose_meta_2022
Type 2 diabetes-focused systematic review/meta-analysis; anchors berberine glucose-lowering claims to human RCT literature rather than ?natural Ozempic? marketing.
Used by: Berberine - Gonadotropins for pubertal induction in males with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism: systematic review and meta-analysis
pubmed_hmg_puberty_induction_meta_2024
Systematic review/meta-analysis relevant to FSH/LH-containing gonadotropin therapy and testicular development in male HH.
Used by: HMG / Menotropins - HMB does not improve resistance-exercise changes in young subjects
pubmed_hmb_young_meta_2020
Systematic review and meta-analysis in young subjects.
Used by: HMB - Impact of GH administration on athletic performance in healthy young adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis of placebo-controlled trials
pubmed_hgh_athletic_performance_meta_2017
Healthy-adult placebo-controlled GH evidence synthesis; useful for separating lean-mass/body-composition effects from actual athletic-performance outcomes.
Used by: Human Growth Hormone / Somatropin - Influence of study characteristics, methodological rigour and publication bias on efficacy of pharmacotherapy in obsessive-compulsive disorder
pmc_ocd_pharmacotherapy_meta_2022
Meta-analysis of randomized placebo-controlled OCD pharmacotherapy trials including clomipramine; useful indication-level context.
Used by: Clomipramine - Intranasal oxytocin administration but not peripheral oxytocin regulates behaviors of attachment insecurity: a meta-analysis
pubmed_intranasal_oxytocin_social_cognition_meta_2021
Human intranasal oxytocin meta-analysis for attachment/social-behavior context.
Used by: Oxytocin - Long-term effects of phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors on cardiovascular outcomes and death: a systematic review and meta-analysis
pubmed_pde5_cvd_outcomes_meta_2024
Long-term cardiovascular-outcome meta-analysis; mostly observational/heterogeneous evidence, useful as hypothesis-generating rather than proof of mortality benefit.
Used by: PDE5 inhibitors / Cialis / Viagra, Tadalafil / Cialis - Long-Term Efficacy and Safety of Once-Weekly Semaglutide for Weight Loss in Patients Without Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
pubmed_semaglutide_longterm_obesity_meta_2024
Longer-duration RCT meta-analysis of semaglutide 2.4 mg in overweight/obesity without diabetes; useful for durability and safety synthesis.
Used by: Semaglutide - Meta-analysis of trials comparing toremifene with tamoxifen in postmenopausal women with breast cancer
pubmed_toremifene_breast_cancer_meta_1999
Clinical breast-cancer SERM evidence base; relevant to approved oncology context, not proof of PCT utility.
Used by: Toremifene - Metformin in prevention and treatment of antipsychotic induced weight gain: a systematic review and meta-analysis
pubmed_metformin_antipsychotic_weight_meta_2016
Double-blind placebo-controlled trial meta-analysis for metformin in antipsychotic-associated weight gain; useful non-diabetes body-weight context.
Used by: Metformin - Nandrolone Decanoate for Postmenopausal Osteoporosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Trials
pubmed_nandrolone_osteoporosis_meta_2025
Randomized-trial evidence synthesis in postmenopausal osteoporosis; useful for bone/anabolic clinical context and adverse-effect framing.
Used by: Nandrolone Decanoate - Oral phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors and hormonal treatments for erectile dysfunction: a systematic review and meta-analysis
pubmed_pde5_ed_meta_2009
Broad ED systematic review/meta-analysis covering sildenafil, tadalafil, vardenafil, and hormonal comparators.
Used by: PDE5 inhibitors / Cialis / Viagra, Sildenafil / Viagra - Ospemifene for the treatment of vulvar and vaginal atrophy: a meta-analysis of randomized trials
pubmed_ospemifene_meta_2019
Randomized-trial meta-analysis for vulvar/vaginal atrophy; direct clinical efficacy context for ospemifene.
Used by: Ospemifene - Oxandrolone use in adult burn patients. Systematic review and meta-analysis
pubmed_oxandrolone_adult_burns_meta_2014
Adult burn-patient evidence synthesis; supports catabolic-injury use, not general physique extrapolation.
Used by: Oxandrolone - The effect of (L-)carnitine on weight loss in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
pubmed_lcarnitine_weight_meta_2016
Adult RCT meta-analysis for L-carnitine and weight loss; useful broad body-weight context with heterogeneity caveats.
Used by: L-carnitine - The Effect of Berberine on Metabolic Profiles in Type 2 Diabetic Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
pubmed_berberine_t2d_profiles_meta_2022
RCT meta-analysis of berberine in type 2 diabetes; supports glycemic and metabolic-profile claims with study-quality caveats.
Used by: Berberine - The effect of berberine supplementation on obesity parameters, inflammation and liver function enzymes: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
pubmed_berberine_obesity_inflammation_meta_2020
RCT meta-analysis on berberine and anthropometrics, CRP, and liver enzymes; useful obesity/inflammation/liver-marker synthesis.
Used by: Berberine - The effect of glutamine supplementation on athletic performance, body composition, and immune function: A systematic review and a meta-analysis of clinical trials
pubmed_glutamine_sports_meta_2019
Clinical-trial meta-analysis for sport/body-composition/immune claims; useful for showing broad performance claims are limited and context dependent.
Used by: Glutamine / L-Glutamine - The effect of istradefylline for Parkinson's disease: a meta-analysis
pmc_istradefylline_pd_meta_2017
A2A antagonist human randomized-trial meta-analysis for Parkinson disease OFF-time context.
Used by: No public entries linked. - The effect of L-carnitine supplementation on exercise-induced muscle damage: systematic review and meta-analysis
pubmed_lcarnitine_exercise_damage_meta_2020
RCT meta-analysis for muscle soreness and muscle-damage markers; separate from fat-loss and injectable-use claims.
Used by: L-carnitine - The effectiveness of leucine on muscle protein synthesis, lean body mass and leg lean mass accretion in older people: a systematic review and meta-analysis
pubmed_leucine_older_meta_2015
Older-adult meta-analysis separating acute MPS effects from lean-mass accretion; useful for why leucine is plausible but bounded.
Used by: Leucine - The effectiveness of treatments for androgenetic alopecia: a systematic review and meta-analysis
pubmed_minoxidil_aga_meta_2017
Parent-drug human evidence for minoxidil in androgenetic alopecia; only indirectly relevant to tyrosinase-cleaved minoxidil prodrug ideas.
Used by: Keraxidil - The effects of creatine supplementation on cognitive function in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis
pubmed_creatine_cognition_meta_2024
Adult cognitive-function meta-analysis for creatine supplementation; useful broad context beyond sleep deprivation.
Used by: Creatine - The Effects of L-Carnitine Supplementation on Weight Loss, Glycemic Control, and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Dose-response Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
pubmed_lcarnitine_t2d_dose_meta_2024
Dose-response RCT meta-analysis in type 2 diabetes; supports glycemic, weight, and cardiovascular-risk-marker context for oral L-carnitine.
Used by: L-carnitine - The effects of oxandrolone on severe burn injury: a systematic review and meta-analysis
pubmed_oxandrolone_burns_meta_2019
Human severe-burn evidence synthesis; supports catabolic-injury use, not general physique use.
Used by: Oxandrolone - The effects of vitamin C and E on exercise-induced physiological adaptations: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
pubmed_vitamin_c_e_exercise_adaptation_meta_2019
Human RCT meta-analysis across vitamin C/E and exercise adaptations; useful for keeping the antioxidant-blunting concern proportionate.
Used by: Vitamin C / Ascorbic Acid - The Muscle Carnosine Response to Beta-Alanine Supplementation: A Systematic Review With Bayesian Individual and Aggregate Data E-Max Model and Meta-Analysis
frontiers_beta_alanine_muscle_carnosine_meta_2020
Direct muscle-carnosine-loading source; supports the distinction between carnosine as the intramuscular target and beta-alanine as the limiting precursor used in studies.
Used by: Carnosine / Beta-Alanine - The Potential Role of Arginine Supplements on Erectile Dysfunction: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
pubmed_arginine_ed_meta_2019
Human ED supplement meta-analysis; provides NO/endothelial clinical context separate from the Abeta animal model claim.
Used by: Arginine - Trazodone changed the polysomnographic sleep architecture in insomnia disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis
nature_trazodone_sleep_architecture_meta_2022
Systematic review/meta-analysis of trazodone effects on PSG sleep-architecture parameters in insomnia.
Used by: Trazodone - Tribulus terrestris for management of patients with erectile dysfunction: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials
pubmed_tribulus_terrestris_ed_meta_2025
Genus-adjacent human ED evidence for T. terrestris, not T. cistoides; useful only as broader Tribulus context and should not be over-applied.
Used by: Tribulus cistoides Extract
preclinical
- 14-3-3epsilon-VDAC1 interactions in androgen formation / TVS167 peptide
pubmed_tvs167_2014
Foundational TVS167/RdVTQ-lineage mechanism used to rationalize ACE-167-like claims; not a direct clinical source for named ACE-167 products.
Used by: ACE-167 - 2-PMPA increases electroconvulsion threshold and enhances valproate antiseizure action in mice
pubmed_2pmpa_seizure_2006
GCPII inhibitor seizure-model paper.
Used by: No public entries linked. - A potent and specific CD38 inhibitor ameliorates age-related metabolic dysfunction by reversing tissue NAD decline
pubmed_cd38_78c_2018
78c mouse aging/metabolic dysfunction paper.
Used by: No public entries linked. - A selective and membrane-permeable NNMT inhibitor reverses high fat diet-induced obesity in mice
pubmed_5amino1mq_dio_2018
Direct 5-amino-1MQ/NNMT-inhibitor mouse obesity source; supports mechanism and animal signal, not human fat-loss efficacy.
Used by: 5-Amino-1MQ - A synthetic ERR agonist alleviates metabolic syndrome
pubmed_slupp332_metabolic_syndrome_2024
SLU-PP-332 preclinical metabolic-syndrome model; adjacent to exercise-mimetic and fat-oxidation rationale.
Used by: SLU-PP-332 - ACE-031, a soluble activin type IIB receptor, increases muscle mass and strength in the common marmoset
plos_ace031_marmoset_2026
Common marmoset preclinical study reporting lean-mass and muscle-strength effects.
Used by: ACE-031 - Activation of the EPOR-beta common receptor complex by cibinetide ameliorates impaired wound healing in mice with genetic diabetes
pubmed_cibinetide_diabetic_wound_mouse_2017
Genetic diabetic mouse wound-healing model; mechanistic bridge for EPOR-beta common receptor/innate repair receptor activation and tissue repair.
Used by: ARA-290 / Cibinetide - ADX71441, a novel, potent and selective positive allosteric modulator of the GABA(B) receptor, shows efficacy in rodent models of overactive bladder
pubmed_gabab_adx71441_oab_2013
Direct GABA-B PAM source in a separate rodent disease model, adding mechanism breadth beyond alcohol-seeking models.
Used by: No public entries linked. - Allosteric modulation of related ligand-gated ion channels enhances cognition
pubmed_522054_ltp
Mechanistic/preclinical 522-054 source.
Used by: 522-054 - An orally active estrogen receptor-related receptor agonist, SLU-PP-915, enhances aerobic exercise capacity
pubmed_slupp915_exercise_2026
Orally active pan-ERR agonist follow-on to SLU-PP-332; useful class/mechanism context, still non-human efficacy.
Used by: SLU-PP-332 - An orally active SARM is efficacious on bone, muscle, and sex function with reduced impact on prostate
pubmed_bms564929_preclinical_2006
Preclinical tissue-selectivity work for orally active nonsteroidal SARMs including the BMS lineage.
Used by: BMS-564929 - Anti-myostatin antibody increases muscle mass and strength and improves insulin sensitivity in old mice
pubmed_antimyostatin_old_mice_insulin_2016
Old-mouse anti-myostatin antibody study showing increased muscle mass/strength and improved insulin-stimulated glucose metabolism; mechanism-adjacent support for myostatin blockade.
Used by: Trevogrumab - Astaxanthin mitigates radiation-induced erectile dysfunction in a rat model
nature_astaxanthin_ried_2025
Rat radiation-induced erectile dysfunction and corpus cavernosum protection source.
Used by: Astaxanthin - Baicalin increases hair follicle development via Wnt/beta-catenin signaling
pubmed_baicalin_hair_wnt_2018
Mouse and dermal papilla cell hair-follicle mechanism source.
Used by: Baicalin - Baicalin, a flavonoid, affects the activity of human dermal papilla cells and promotes anagen induction in mice
pubmed_baicalin_dermal_papilla_2015
Human dermal papilla-cell and mouse anagen-induction study; supports baicalin hair-growth mechanism while remaining non-human outcome evidence.
Used by: Baicalin - Batatasin III alleviates slow transit constipation by regulating gut microbiota and inhibiting the NLRP3-IL-1beta pathway
pubmed_batatasin_constipation_microbiota_2025
Loperamide-induced slow-transit constipation mouse study using transit, fecal, inflammatory, neurotransmitter, and 16S microbiome endpoints.
Used by: Batatasin III - Batatasin III, a Constituent of Dendrobium scabrilingue, Improves Murine Pain-like Behaviors with a Favorable CNS Safety Profile
pubmed_batatasin_pain_cns_mouse_2022
Mouse Batatasin III pharmacology source; supports broader bioactivity and CNS/pain safety context, not constipation efficacy.
Used by: Batatasin III - Betulinic acid ameliorates cavernous nerve injury-induced erectile dysfunction through Nrf2/HO-1 pathway activation
pubmed_betulinic_ed_nrf2_2026
Direct rat cavernous-nerve-injury erectile-dysfunction paper; supports the specific Nrf2/HO-1 and mitochondrial-apoptosis claim but is not human ED evidence.
Used by: Betulinic Acid - BI 456906: Discovery and preclinical pharmacology of a novel GCGR/GLP-1R dual agonist with robust anti-obesity efficacy
pubmed_survodutide_discovery_preclinical_2022
Discovery/preclinical pharmacology paper for survodutide/BI 456906; receptor agonism and rodent anti-obesity pharmacology support the dual GLP-1/glucagon mechanism.
Used by: Survodutide - BPC 157 accelerates healing of transected rat Achilles tendon
pubmed_bpc157_achilles_2003
Rat tendon model.
Used by: BPC-157 - Brain-targeting bioprecursor prodrug of estradiol alleviates hot flushes without peripheral hormonal effects
pubmed_dhed_hot_flush_2016
DHED brain-selective estradiol prodrug animal work.
Used by: No public entries linked. - CD38 inhibitor 78c increases mice lifespan and healthspan in a model of chronological aging
pmc_cd38_lifespan_2022
Mouse lifespan/healthspan paper; not human anti-aging evidence.
Used by: No public entries linked. - Chemical optimization of the exercise mimetic SLU-PP-332
sciencedirect_slupp332_sar_2026
2026 SAR paper.
Used by: SLU-PP-332 - Cibinetide dampens innate immune cell functions thus ameliorating the course of experimental colitis
pubmed_cibinetide_colitis_mouse_2017
Experimental colitis model supporting anti-inflammatory innate-immune effects of cibinetide; useful for mechanism breadth, not a wellness claim.
Used by: ARA-290 / Cibinetide - Citrulline regulates macrophage metabolism and inflammation to counter aging in mice
pmc_citrulline_macrophage_aging_2025
Science Advances mouse/mechanistic source linking citrulline to macrophage metabolism, inflammation, and aging phenotypes.
Used by: Citrulline / L-Citrulline - Comparison of morphine, oxycodone and SR-17018 for tolerance and efficacy in mouse pain models
pubmed_sr17018_comparison_2020
Preclinical comparative pain data.
Used by: SR-17018 - Cortico-amygdala-striatal activation by modafinil/flecainide combination
pubmed_modafinil_flecainide_2018
Rodent FDG-PET support for THN102 mechanism.
Used by: Flecainide, THN102 - Corylin Inhibits Vascular Cell Inflammation, Proliferation and Migration and Reduces Atherosclerosis in ApoE-Deficient Mice
pubmed_corylin_atherosclerosis_mouse_2020
Corylin vascular-inflammation/atherosclerosis mouse and cell source; useful related anti-inflammatory/metabolic-aging mechanism context.
Used by: Corylin - Critical role of PepT1 in promoting colitis-associated cancer and therapeutic benefits of the anti-inflammatory PepT1-mediated tripeptide KPV in a murine model
pubmed_kpv_inflammatory_bowel_2016
Murine colitis-associated cancer model with therapeutic KPV/PepT1 context.
Used by: KPV - Critical role of PepT1 in promoting colitis-associated cancer and therapeutic benefits of the anti-inflammatory PepT1-mediated tripeptide KPV in a murine model
pmc_kpv_colitis_cancer_2016
Mouse colitis-associated cancer and human-biopsy mechanistic paper; supports PepT1-mediated KPV delivery, reduced inflammation/tumor burden in models, and gut-targeted rationale.
Used by: KPV - Dehydroevodiamine HCl enhances cognitive function in memory-impaired rat models
pubmed_dehydroevodiamine_hcl_2017
Scopolamine and Abeta-infused rat cognition models.
Used by: Dehydroevodiamine HCl - Dehydroevodiamine HCl Improves Stress-Induced Memory Impairments and Depression Like Behavior in Rats
pmc_dehydroevodiamine_stress_2014
Additional rat behavioral source; useful for stress-linked memory context, still non-human.
Used by: Dehydroevodiamine HCl - Dehydroevodiamine.HCl prevents impairment of learning and memory and neuronal loss in rat models of cognitive disturbance
pubmed_dehydroevodiamine_memory_2000
Earlier rat cognitive-disturbance source for DHED memory and neuronal-loss claims.
Used by: Dehydroevodiamine HCl - Design and in vivo activity of A3 adenosine receptor agonist prodrugs
pmc_a3_agonist_prodrugs_2020
A3 agonist prodrug medicinal chemistry and in vivo work.
Used by: No public entries linked. - Design, synthesis, and preclinical characterization of RAD140
pubmed_rad140_preclinical_2010
Discovery and preclinical characterization of RAD140 as a SARM.
Used by: RAD140 - Design, Synthesis, anti-inflammatory activity Evaluation, preliminary exploration of the Mechanism, molecule Docking, and structure-activity relationship analysis of batatasin III analogs
pubmed_batatasin_analogs_inflammation_2023
Batatasin III analog anti-inflammatory pharmacology and SAR source for inflammatory-mechanism plausibility.
Used by: Batatasin III - Development of CVN424: A Selective and Novel GPR6 Inverse Agonist Effective in Models of Parkinson Disease
pubmed_cvn424_development_2021
Preclinical pharmacology and Parkinson disease model source for GPR6 inverse agonism.
Used by: CVN424 - Dieckol attenuates endothelial dysfunction via Th17/Treg balance in spontaneously hypertensive rats
pubmed_dieckol_endothelial_shr_2021
Ecklonia cava/dieckol, peNOS/eNOS, nitrate/nitrite, NADPH oxidase, Treg/Th17 source.
Used by: Dieckol - Differential effects of des IGF-1 on Erks, AKT-1 and P70 S6K activation in mouse skeletal and cardiac muscle
pubmed_des_igf1_skeletal_cardiac_muscle_2002
Mouse skeletal/cardiac muscle signaling study; useful for both muscle rationale and cardiac-growth caution.
Used by: IGF-1 LR3 / DES(1-3)IGF-1 - Discovery of piperlongumine as a potential novel lead for the development of senolytic agents
pmc_piperlongumine_senolytic_2016
Direct senolytic-discovery paper for piperlongumine; mostly cellular/preclinical and not human anti-aging evidence.
Used by: Piperlongumine - Disease modifying effect of chronic oral treatment with a neurotrophic peptidergic compound in a triple transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease
pubmed_p21_ad_model_2017
P21/P021 preclinical Alzheimer-model anchor; no approved or mature human data.
Used by: P21 / P021 Peptide - Dose-Responses Relationship in Glucose Lowering and Gut Dysbiosis to Saskatoon Berry Powder Supplementation in High Fat-High Sucrose Diet-Induced Insulin Resistant Mice
pmc_saskatoon_berry_dose_response_mouse_2021
Mouse dose-response study for Saskatoon berry powder, glucose/lipid/inflammation markers, and gut dysbiosis.
Used by: Saskatoon Berry - Effect of pineal peptide on parameters of the biological age and life span in mice
pubmed_epitalon_lifespan_mice_2001
Mouse lifespan/aging-parameter study with subcutaneous synthetic tetrapeptide Epithalon.
Used by: Epitalon / Epithalon - Endogenous tyrosinase-catalyzed therapeutics
pubmed_tyrosinase_therapeutics_2025
Modern tyrosinase-catalyzed therapeutic/prodrug strategy source; general platform support, not an estradiol or RAR-gamma analog study.
Used by: No public entries linked. - Epithalon decelerates aging and suppresses development of breast adenocarcinomas in transgenic HER-2/neu mice
pubmed_epithalon_her2_mice_2002
Transgenic mouse study reporting lifespan and tumor-development effects; important for both longevity rationale and cancer-biology caveats.
Used by: Epitalon / Epithalon - Eucommia ulmoides leaf extract improves erectile dysfunction in diabetic rats
pmc_eucommia_ed_2019
STZ diabetic rat erectile function, Akt-eNOS, NO, oxidative stress, and HPG-axis source.
Used by: Eucommia ulmoides Leaf Extract - Exploring the beneficial effects of GHK-Cu on an experimental model of colitis and the underlying mechanisms
pubmed_ghkcu_colitis_mouse_2025
DSS mouse colitis model linking GHK-Cu to epithelial barrier, inflammatory cytokines, and SIRT1/STAT3 signaling; useful for anti-inflammatory mechanism breadth.
Used by: GHK-Cu - Expression of inflammation-related genes in mouse spleen under tuftsin analog Selank
pubmed_selank_immune_gene_expression_2011
Mouse spleen inflammatory-gene-expression study for Selank and fragments.
Used by: Selank - Fenfluramine modulates anti-amnesic effects induced by sigma-1 receptor agonists
pubmed_fenfluramine_sigma1_2022
Sigma-1 positive modulation context.
Used by: Fenfluramine - Follistatin gene delivery enhances muscle growth and strength in nonhuman primates
pubmed_follistatin_nhp_gene_delivery_2009
AAV1-FS344 non-human-primate study reporting local muscle size and strength effects after intramuscular gene delivery; key translational mechanism source.
Used by: Follistatin / FS344 - Follistatin induces muscle hypertrophy through satellite cell proliferation and inhibition of both myostatin and activin
pubmed_follistatin_activin_myostatin_muscle_2009
Mouse/mechanistic study showing follistatin muscle effects involve both myostatin and activin inhibition plus satellite-cell proliferation, not a clean myostatin-only switch.
Used by: Follistatin / FS344 - Food-derived inositol derivatives mitigate high-fat diet-induced adiposity
sciencedirect_inositol_derivatives_adiposity_2026
Mouse adiposity, inflammation, and adipocyte browning source.
Used by: No public entries linked. - Forsythoside A alleviates androgenetic alopecia by selectively inhibiting TRPV3 channels in mice
pubmed_forsythosidea_trpv3_2025
Mouse DHT-induced hair regrowth inhibition model and TRPV3 mechanism.
Used by: Forsythoside A - FOXO4-DRI alleviates age-related testosterone secretion insufficiency by targeting senescent Leydig cells in aged mice
pubmed_foxo4dri_leydig_2020
Aged-mouse endocrine senolytic rationale for FOXO4-DRI.
Used by: FOXO4-DRI - From gains to gaps? How Selective Androgen Receptor Modulator (SARM) YK11 impact hippocampal function: In silico, in vivo, and ex vivo perspectives
pubmed_yk11_hippocampal_function_2024
Integrated preclinical/in silico hippocampal-function source for YK11 safety concerns.
Used by: YK11 - G protein signaling-biased agonist at the mu-opioid receptor reverses morphine tolerance
pubmed_sr17018_tolerance_2019
Mouse data for SR-17018.
Used by: SR-17018 - GABA-B PAM ADX71441 attenuates alcohol self-administration and relapse in rats
pubmed_gabab_adx71441_alcohol_2017
GABA-B PAM addiction-model paper.
Used by: No public entries linked. - GDF8 and activin A blockade protects against GLP-1-induced muscle loss while enhancing fat loss in obese male mice and non-human primates
nature_gdf8_activin_glp1_animals_2025
Mechanism-adjacent mouse and non-human-primate study supporting the COURAGE logic: GDF8 plus activin A blockade during semaglutide exposure preserved or increased lean mass while increasing fat loss.
Used by: Garetosmab, Trevogrumab - Gellan gum prevents non-alcoholic fatty liver disease by modulating the gut microbiota and metabolites
pubmed_gellan_gum_nafld_microbiota_2022
Mouse NAFLD and in vitro fermentation study reporting gellan-gum effects on gut microbiota, SCFAs/metabolites, liver inflammation, and lipid metabolism.
Used by: Gellan Gum - GHK-Cu-liposomes accelerate scald wound healing in mice by promoting cell proliferation and angiogenesis
pubmed_ghkcu_wound_liposomes_mouse_2017
Mouse scald-wound and HUVEC study; GHK-Cu liposomes promoted endothelial-cell proliferation, VEGF/FGF-2/cell-cycle proteins, angiogenesis markers, and faster wound closure.
Used by: GHK, GHK-Cu - HDAC2 negatively regulates memory formation and synaptic plasticity
pubmed_hdac2_memory_2009
Foundational HDAC2 memory/plasticity paper.
Used by: No public entries linked. - Herring oil rich in long-chain monounsaturated fatty acid lowers plasma lipids and modulates fatty acid composition, oxidation, and inflammation in rats
pubmed_cetoleic_herring_oil_lipids_2025
Cetoleic-acid-rich herring-oil animal and in vitro source; supports lipid-metabolism plausibility adjacent to the human LDL trial.
Used by: Cetoleic Acid Concentrate - High-molecular weight hyaluronic acid protects against colitis by remodeling microbiota and restoring barrier function
sciencedirect_hmw_ha_colitis_2026
Molecular-weight-dependent hyaluronic acid colitis model.
Used by: High-Molecular-Weight Hyaluronic Acid, Hyaluronic Acid / Sodium Hyaluronate - Human growth hormone-releasing factor 1-29-albumin bioconjugates activate the GRF receptor on the anterior pituitary in rats
pubmed_cjc1295_albumin_bioconjugate_2005
Preclinical medicinal-biology source identifying CJC-1295 as a long-lasting GHRH analog; route and human benefit cannot be inferred from this alone.
Used by: CJC-1295, CJC-1295 No DAC / Modified GRF(1-29) - Human skeletal muscle atrophy signatures identify ursolic acid as a compound that increases muscle mass
pubmed_ursolic_mrna_muscle_2011
Mouse muscle atrophy and hypertrophy source.
Used by: Ursolic Acid - Hyaluronan-induced alterations of the gut microbiome protects mice against Citrobacter rodentium infection and intestinal inflammation
pubmed_hyaluronan_microbiota_colitis_2021
Mouse microbiota-transfer and colitis/infection evidence for HA-gut-microbiome immune effects.
Used by: High-Molecular-Weight Hyaluronic Acid - Imidazenil: a new partial positive allosteric modulator of GABA action at GABAA receptors
pubmed_imidazenil_gabaa_partial_pam_1993
Foundational imidazenil GABA-A partial PAM and anticonflict/anticonvulsant pharmacology.
Used by: Imidazenil - Impact of anthocyanin component and metabolite of Saskatoon berry on gut microbiome and relationship with fecal short chain fatty acids in diet-induced insulin resistant mice
sciencedirect_saskatoon_berry_scfa_mouse_2023
Mouse study connecting Saskatoon berry anthocyanins/metabolites to gut microbiome and fecal SCFA patterns.
Used by: Saskatoon Berry - Improvement of Islet Allograft Function Using Cibinetide, an Innate Repair Receptor Ligand
pubmed_cibinetide_islet_allograft_2020
Islet allograft preclinical study linking cibinetide to innate repair receptor ligand activity and graft-function support.
Used by: ARA-290 / Cibinetide - Increase of fat oxidation and weight loss in obese mice caused by chronic treatment with human growth hormone or a modified C-terminal fragment
pubmed_aod9604_obese_mice_2001
Foundational obese-mouse source for hGH C-terminal fragment/AOD9604 fat-oxidation rationale; does not establish human efficacy.
Used by: AOD9604 - Increased weight gain, nitrogen retention and muscle protein synthesis following treatment of diabetic rats with insulin-like growth factor-I and des(1-3)IGF-I
pubmed_des13igf1_diabetic_rats_1991
Diabetic-rat anabolic/protein-synthesis study for IGF-I and DES(1-3)IGF-I.
Used by: IGF-1 LR3 / DES(1-3)IGF-1 - Influence of the 5-HT2C receptor antagonist, SB-242084, in tests of anxiety
sciencedirect_sb242084_anxiety_2002
Behavioral pharmacology source for selective 5-HT2C antagonism in anxiety models; non-human only.
Used by: No public entries linked. - Ipamorelin, the first selective growth hormone secretagogue
pubmed_ipamorelin_1998
Discovery and pharmacology paper.
Used by: Ipamorelin - KL1 domain of Klotho enhances cognition in young and aging mice
pmc_kl1_cognition_2022
Klotho fragment mouse cognition paper.
Used by: No public entries linked. - KY19382, a novel activator of Wnt/beta-catenin signalling, promotes hair regrowth and hair follicle neogenesis
pmc_ky19382_hair_regrowth_2021
Adjacent Wnt/CXXC5-Dvl hair-regrowth source; useful for hair biology context around competing-peptide approaches.
Used by: No public entries linked. - Lack of tolerance and dependence to repeated administration of the partial benzodiazepine receptor agonist imidazenil in rats
pubmed_imidazenil_dependence_rat_1994
Direct imidazenil rat tolerance/dependence source; relevant to liability hypotheses but not proof of human safety.
Used by: Imidazenil - Lemon myrtle extract and casuarinin activate skeletal muscle satellite cells
pubmed_lemon_myrtle_satellite_cells_2022
Mechanistic satellite-cell source for lemon myrtle.
Used by: Lemon Myrtle Extract - Leonurine Attenuates Obesity-Related Vascular Dysfunction and Inflammation
pubmed_leonurine_vascular_dysfunction_2022
Obesity-related vascular dysfunction model; supports inflammation/endothelial context adjacent to atherosclerosis claims.
Used by: Leonurine - Leonurine prevents atherosclerosis via ABCA1 and ABCG1 upregulation
pubmed_leonurine_abca1_2017
THP-1 foam cell and apoE knockout mouse atherogenesis source.
Used by: Leonurine - Ligandrol lowers endurance and negatively affects lipid and hormonal profile of male rats
pubmed_ligandrol_endurance_lipids_hormones_rat_2025
Male-rat study reporting endurance, lipid, and hormonal downsides; useful counterweight to lean-mass-only SARM claims.
Used by: Ligandrol - Limiting De Novo Lipogenesis Unlocks the Thermogenic Potential of Glucose in Brown Fat
researchsquare_bat_dnl_thermogenesis_2026
2026 preprint; not a mirabegron trial, but supports the related BAT idea that beta-adrenergic/glucose-driven thermogenesis depends on whether glucose is diverted into de novo lipogenesis.
Used by: Mirabegron - Long [R3] insulin-like growth factor-I reduces growth, plasma growth hormone, IGF binding protein-3 and endogenous IGF-I concentrations in pigs
pubmed_long_r3_igf1_pigs_1997
Long R3 IGF-I animal source showing systemic endocrine feedback and non-simple growth outcomes; useful caution against simplistic LR3 claims.
Used by: IGF-1 LR3 / DES(1-3)IGF-1 - Long R3 insulin-like growth factor-I infusion stimulates organ growth but reduces plasma IGF-I, IGF-II and IGF binding protein concentrations in the guinea pig
pubmed_long_r3_igf1_guinea_pig_1995
Guinea-pig Long R3 IGF-I infusion study documenting systemic organ-growth biology.
Used by: IGF-1 LR3 / DES(1-3)IGF-1 - M40401 SOD mimetic reduces cerulein-induced acute pancreatitis
pubmed_m40401_pancreatitis_2004
SOD mimetic source for adhesion molecule, nitrotyrosine, PARP, lipid peroxidation, and neutrophil-injury pathway claims.
Used by: M40401 - Maslinic acid inhibits myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury-induced apoptosis and necroptosis
pubmed_maslinic_miri_2022
Myocardial ischemia-reperfusion/autophagic flux source.
Used by: Maslinic Acid - Mazdutide ameliorates metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease by modulating endoplasmic reticulum stress, improving lipid metabolism and alleviating inflammation
pubmed_mazdutide_masld_preclinical_2026
Direct preclinical MASLD mechanism source for mazdutide; useful adjacent rationale because current human data are mainly obesity/T2D.
Used by: Mazdutide - MOTS-c increases in skeletal muscle following long-term physical activity and improves acute exercise performance after a single dose
pubmed_motsc_exercise_muscle_2022
Rodent training and acute MOTS-c exercise-performance study with skeletal-muscle mechanism; not a controlled human performance trial.
Used by: MOTS-c - MOTS-c promotes metabolic homeostasis and reduces obesity and insulin resistance
pubmed_motsc_2015
Foundational MOTS-c animal/metabolic paper.
Used by: MOTS-c - Multiomic profiling reveals that prostaglandin E2 reverses aged muscle stem cell dysfunction, leading to increased regeneration and strength
sciencedirect_pge2_aged_muscle_stem_2025
Aged muscle stem-cell regeneration source; related PGE2/MuSC biology, not proof for unsupervised prostaglandin manipulation.
Used by: No public entries linked. - Myo-inositol and D-chiro-inositol oral supplementation ameliorate cardiac dysfunction and remodeling in a mouse model of diet-induced obesity
sciencedirect_inositol_dci_cardiac_obesity_2020
Related inositol supplementation source in diet-induced obese mice; supports metabolic-disease plausibility, not the same phosphatidylinositol browning mechanism.
Used by: No public entries linked. - Myostatin blockade with a fully human monoclonal antibody induces muscle hypertrophy and reverses muscle atrophy in young and aged mice
skeletalmuscle_regn1033_mice_2015
Preclinical characterization of REGN1033/trevogrumab as a selective myostatin antibody with muscle-hypertrophy, atrophy-prevention, and functional endpoints in mice.
Used by: Trevogrumab - Neurotrophic peptides incorporating adamantane improve learning and memory, promote neurogenesis and synaptogenesis, and inhibit amyloid beta-associated neuronal death
sciencedirect_p021_adamantane_2010
Indirect mechanistic anchor for Adamax-style Semax/P021/adapted peptide claims; not direct Adamax efficacy evidence.
Used by: Adamax, P21 / P021 Peptide - Nicotinamide N-methyltransferase inhibition mitigates obesity-related metabolic dysfunction
pubmed_5amino1mq_obesity_metabolic_2024
5A1MQ diet-induced-obesity mouse study assessing body composition, fatty liver pathology, metabolic variables, biomarkers, and pharmacokinetics.
Used by: 5-Amino-1MQ - Nicotinamide N-methyltransferase knockdown protects against diet-induced obesity
nature_nnmt_knockdown_obesity_2014
Foundational target-validation paper connecting adipose/liver NNMT to SAM, NAD+, polyamine flux, oxygen consumption, and diet-induced obesity in mice.
Used by: 5-Amino-1MQ - Novel pan-ERR agonists ameliorate heart failure through enhancing cardiac fatty acid metabolism and mitochondrial function
pubmed_panerr_agonists_heart_failure_2024
ERR agonist tissue-metabolism context; supports mitochondrial/fatty-acid oxidation mechanism but not human enhancement use.
Used by: SLU-PP-332 - Oleracein E rejuvenates senescent hippocampal NSCs by inhibiting the ERK1/2-mTOR axis
ovid_oleracein_e_2025
Vascular dementia/cognitive dysfunction source; limited public abstract access.
Used by: Oleracein E - Optimization of preclinical metabolism for SSTR5-selective antagonists
pmc_sstr5_antagonists_2018
SSTR5 antagonist medicinal chemistry and metabolic stability.
Used by: No public entries linked. - Oral administration of arginine suppresses Abeta pathology in animal models of Alzheimer's disease
pubmed_arginine_abeta_2025
Mouse and Drosophila Alzheimer's disease model source.
Used by: Arginine - Oroxylin A enhances memory consolidation through BDNF in mice
pubmed_oroxylina_bdnf_memory_2014
Mouse memory consolidation and hippocampal BDNF source.
Used by: Oroxylin A - Oroxylin A stimulates adult neurogenesis in the hippocampal dentate gyrus region of mice
khu_oroxylina_neurogenesis
Institutional record for mouse hippocampal neurogenesis paper.
Used by: Oroxylin A - Ostarine and Ligandrol Improve Muscle Tissue in an Ovariectomized Rat Model
pubmed_ostarine_ligandrol_ovx_rat_2020
Ovariectomized-rat muscle source for ostarine and ligandrol; supports tissue effect biology but not healthy male cycle outcomes.
Used by: Enobosarm, Ligandrol - Ostarine-Induced Myogenic Differentiation in C2C12, L6, and Rat Muscles
pubmed_ostarine_myogenic_differentiation_2022
Cell/rat muscle source for enobosarm/ostarine myogenic signaling; mechanistic rather than human performance proof.
Used by: Enobosarm - Paeonol ameliorates diabetic erectile dysfunction by inhibiting HMGB1/RAGE/NF-kB pathway
pubmed_paeonol_diabetic_ed_2023
Direct diabetic-rat erectile-dysfunction source linking paeonol to HMGB1/RAGE/NF-kB, cGMP/NO, and corpus-cavernosum markers.
Used by: Paeonol - PepT1-mediated tripeptide KPV uptake reduces intestinal inflammation
pubmed_kpv_pept1_colitis_2008
Cell and mouse colitis work supporting PepT1-mediated KPV intestinal anti-inflammatory rationale.
Used by: KPV - Peptides prevent the forming of secretory phenotype of chondrocytes associated with aging
pubmed_cartalax_chondrocyte_2023
Cartalax/AED-adjacent chondrocyte aging model source; translation to osteoarthritis outcomes is unproven.
Used by: Cartalax - Peripheral mu-opioid receptor activation by dermorphin analog alleviates behavioral and neurobiological alterations in a mouse model
pubmed_dermorphin_peripheral_mu_2024
Recent animal-mechanism anchor; not human safety/efficacy evidence.
Used by: Dermorphin - Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of LGD-3303
sciencedirect_lgd3303_pkpd_2009
Preclinical PK/PD study of LGD-3303 as an orally available nonsteroidal SARM.
Used by: LGD-3303 - Pharmacokinetics of S-4, a non-steroidal selective androgen receptor modulator, in rats
pmc_andarine_pk_rat_2007
Rat pharmacokinetic and oral bioavailability study for S-4/andarine.
Used by: Andarine - Pharmacological characterization of AC-262536, a novel SARM
pubmed_ac262536_characterization_2008
Functional and pharmacological characterization of AC-262536.
Used by: AC-262536 - Pinealon increases cell viability by suppression of free radical levels and activating proliferative processes
pubmed_pinealon_cell_viability_2011
Cell/organotypic model anchor for Pinealon claims.
Used by: Pinealon - PK/PD of the GCPII inhibitor 2-MPPA in neuropathic pain
pmc_gcpii_2mppa_pain_2014
GCPII/NAAG peptidase inhibitor pharmacology.
Used by: No public entries linked. - Polydatin targets ACADVL to combat obesity by promoting adipocyte browning and activating fatty acid oxidation
jove_polydatin_acadvl_2026
Diet-induced obesity mouse and adipocyte mechanism source.
Used by: Polydatin - Polydatin: a potential NAFLD therapeutic drug that regulates mitochondrial autophagy through SIRT3-FOXO3-BNIP3 and PINK1-PRKN mechanisms
pubmed_polydatin_nafld_sirt3_2024
Related metabolic-disease source for polydatin effects on mitochondrial/autophagy pathways in NAFLD models.
Used by: Polydatin - Preclinical characterization of S-23 for hormonal male contraception
pubmed_s23_male_contraception_2009
Rat male-contraception model using S-23 with estradiol benzoate.
Used by: S-23 - Preclinical metabolism and the disposition of vornorexant/TS-142, a novel dual orexin 1/2 receptor antagonist for the treatment of insomnia
pubmed_vornorexant_preclinical_metabolism_2024
Preclinical metabolism/disposition paper; useful for half-life and PK rationale.
Used by: Vornorexant - Protective effect of a phenolic extract containing indoline amides from Portulaca oleracea against cognitive impairment
pubmed_portulaca_indoline_cognition_2017
Related Portulaca/indoline-amide mouse cognition source; adjacent to oleracein chemistry and cognition, not a pure oleracein E human study.
Used by: Oleracein E - Protective effects of a new stable, highly active SOD mimetic, M40401 in splanchnic artery occlusion and reperfusion
pubmed_m40401_sao_2001
Direct M40401 ischemia-reperfusion source for adhesion molecules, peroxynitrite-linked injury, and neutrophil-mediated tissue damage.
Used by: M40401 - Protective effects of GHK-Cu in bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis via anti-oxidative stress and anti-inflammation pathways
pubmed_ghkcu_pulmonary_fibrosis_mouse_2020
Bleomycin mouse pulmonary-fibrosis model; adds fibrosis/EMT, oxidative-stress, inflammation, NF-kappaB/Nrf2-adjacent mechanism context, not cosmetic or athletic proof.
Used by: GHK-Cu - RAD140 negatively impacts skeletal muscle adaptation, frailty status and mortality risk in female mice
pubmed_rad140_muscle_adaptation_mouse_2023
Preclinical RAD140 study reporting negative adaptation/frailty/mortality signals in female mice; important counter-signal for performance claims.
Used by: RAD140 - Reduced calorie diet combined with NNMT inhibition establishes a distinct microbiome in DIO mice
pubmed_5amino1mq_microbiome_dio_2022
Diet-induced-obesity mouse study combining 5A-1MQ with diet switch; mechanism-adjacent microbiome/body-composition context.
Used by: 5-Amino-1MQ - Regulation by TAAR1 of dopaminergic-GABAergic interaction in the striatum: effects of (-)-BPAP
pubmed_bpap_taar1_2025
BPAP and TAAR1-related mechanism.
Used by: (-)-BPAP - Retatrutide shows multiple metabolic benefits in diet-induced obese MASH mouse and hamster models
pubmed_retatrutide_mash_models_2026
Adjacent animal mechanism source for liver/metabolic effects; not a substitute for human MASLD outcome data.
Used by: Retatrutide - SA4503, a novel cognitive enhancer, with sigma 1 receptor agonistic properties
pubmed_sa4503_cognitive_enhancer_1997
Original SA4503 sigma-1 binding, acetylcholine, and anti-amnesic rat data.
Used by: Cutamesine - SARM treatment prevents bone loss and reduces body fat in ovariectomized rats
pubmed_andarine_ovx_rat_2006
S-4/andarine animal model of bone and body-composition effects.
Used by: Andarine - SB 242084, a selective and brain penetrant 5-HT2C receptor antagonist
pubmed_5ht2c_sb242084_1997
Classic selective 5-HT2C antagonist pharmacology.
Used by: No public entries linked. - Schisandrin B is a dual PAM of GABAA and glycine receptors and alleviates seizures in mouse models
nature_schisandrinb_gabaa_glycine_2024
Mouse seizure models and receptor PAM mechanism.
Used by: Schisandrin B - Sciadonic acid from pine nuts reduces plasma triglycerides by inhibiting rat hepatic delta-9 desaturase
nature_sciadonic_acid_rat_2020
Rat dietary fatty-acid study.
Used by: Sciadonic Acid - Semax, an analog of ACTH(4-7), regulates expression of immune response genes during ischemic brain injury in rats
pubmed_semax_ischemia_genes_2017
Rat focal-cerebral-ischemia transcriptome study supporting Semax neuroprotection/inflammation pathway rationale.
Used by: Semax - Semax, synthetic ACTH(4-10) analogue, attenuates behavioural and neurochemical alterations following early-life fluvoxamine exposure in white rats
pubmed_semax_cns_review_2021
Rat neurochemical/behavioral study providing additional Semax CNS mechanism context; not healthy-human nootropic evidence.
Used by: Semax - Shortened spadin analogs display better TREK-1 inhibition, in vivo stability and antidepressant activity
pubmed_pe2228_spadin_2017
PE 22-28 / shortened-spadin antidepressant mechanism anchor.
Used by: PE-22-28 - Spadin, a sortilin-derived peptide, targeting rodent TREK-1 channels: a new concept in antidepressant drug design
pubmed_spadin_trek1_2010
Parent spadin/TREK-1 mechanistic background for PE-22-28.
Used by: PE-22-28 - Spilanthes acmella ethanolic flower extract: alkylamide profiling and sexual behavior in male rats
pubmed_spilanthes_acmella_2011
In vitro and rat sexual-behavior source for N-alkylamide aphrodisiac claims.
Used by: Spilanthes acmella Extract - Synthetic ERR alpha/beta/gamma agonist induces an acute aerobic exercise response
pubmed_slupp332_2023
SLU-PP-332 mouse and cell work.
Used by: SLU-PP-332 - TAK-861, an orally available OX2R agonist, produces wakefulness in monkeys and mouse models
pubmed_tak861_2024
Orexin agonist development context.
Used by: No public entries linked. - Testosterone and trenbolone enanthate increase mature myostatin protein expression despite increasing skeletal muscle hypertrophy and satellite cell number in rodent muscle
pubmed_trenbolone_myostatin_satellite_cells_2017
Rodent study linking androgen-induced hypertrophy with satellite-cell changes and mature myostatin protein; useful against simplistic myostatin narratives.
Used by: Trenbolone - The Dishevelled-binding protein CXXC5 negatively regulates cutaneous wound healing
pubmed_cxxc5_wound_direct_2015
Direct CXXC5-Dvl/PTD-DBM wound-healing source; supports the program mechanism but not human hair-regrowth efficacy.
Used by: No public entries linked. - The flavonoid corylin exhibits lifespan extension properties in mouse
nature_corylin_lifespan_mouse_2022
Mouse lifespan/metabolic-health source for corylin; high-fat-diet model, not human longevity evidence.
Used by: Corylin - The heptapeptide Semax stimulates BDNF expression in different areas of the rat brain in vivo
pubmed_semax_bdnf_2003
Rat BDNF-expression source for Semax neurotrophin rationale.
Used by: Adamax, Semax - The influence of peptides on the chondrogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells during replicative aging
pubmed_cartalax_chondrogenic_differentiation_2023
Human cell-culture differentiation context for cartilage bioregulator peptide claims.
Used by: Cartalax - The procognitive and synaptogenic effects of angiotensin IV-derived peptides are dependent on activation of the hepatocyte growth factor/c-Met system
pubmed_dihexa_hgf_met_2014
Key Dihexa mechanism paper linking HGF/c-Met modulation, synaptogenesis, and cognition models.
Used by: Dihexa - The promoting effect of pentadecapeptide BPC 157 on tendon healing involves tendon outgrowth, cell survival, and cell migration
pubmed_bpc157_tendon_outgrowth_2010
Rat Achilles tendon fibroblast/explant mechanism paper: BPC 157 increased tendon outgrowth, stress survival, migration, spreading, F-actin formation, and FAK/paxillin phosphorylation.
Used by: BPC-157 - The protective effect of M40401, a superoxide dismutase mimetic, on post-ischemic brain damage in Mongolian gerbils
pmc_m40401_brain_ischemia_2003
Additional M40401 ischemia-reperfusion model; supports redox/neuroprotection context, not human anti-aging evidence.
Used by: M40401 - The role of phospholipase D and phosphatidic acid in the mechanical activation of mTOR signaling in skeletal muscle
pmc_pld_pa_mtor_skeletal_muscle_2006
Foundational skeletal-muscle mechanistic work linking phospholipase D, phosphatidic acid, and mechanical mTOR signaling.
Used by: Phosphatidic Acid - The tri-peptide GHK-Cu complex ameliorates lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury in mice
pubmed_ghkcu_acute_lung_injury_mouse_2016
Mouse LPS acute lung injury and macrophage study; supports anti-inflammatory/antioxidant mechanisms through ROS, SOD, TNF-alpha/IL-6, NF-kappaB p65, and p38 MAPK changes.
Used by: GHK-Cu - Therapeutic effect of an MRGPRX2/MRGPRB2 antagonist on LL-37-induced rosacea-like inflammation in mice
pubmed_ll37_rosacea_mouse_2025
Mouse and cell rosacea-like inflammation model where LL-37 acts as a pro-inflammatory trigger through mast-cell/MRGPR biology; important counterweight to only pro-healing framing.
Used by: LL-37 - Thymosin beta 4 and a synthetic peptide containing its actin-binding domain promote dermal wound repair in db/db diabetic mice and in aged mice
pubmed_tb4_dermal_repair_2003
Important bridge source: full-length Tbeta4 and the LKKTETQ actin-binding peptide promoted dermal wound repair in animal models.
Used by: TB-500 / thymosin beta-4-related products - Thymosin beta 4 promotes corneal wound healing and modulates inflammatory mediators in vivo
pubmed_tb4_corneal_wound_2001
Rat corneal wound model; supports topical Tbeta4 repair and inflammatory-modulation biology.
Used by: TB-500 / thymosin beta-4-related products - Thymosin beta-4 enhances the healing of medial collateral ligament injury in rat
pubmed_tb4_ligament_rat_2013
Rat ligament-injury source; relevant to soft-tissue repair claims, but not direct human TB-500 evidence.
Used by: TB-500 / thymosin beta-4-related products - Thymosin beta4 accelerates wound healing
pubmed_tb4_wound_healing_1999
Early animal wound-healing source for full-length Tbeta4 repair biology.
Used by: TB-500 / thymosin beta-4-related products - Thymosin-beta4 modulates corneal matrix metalloproteinase levels and polymorphonuclear cell infiltration after alkali injury
pubmed_tb4_alkali_injury_2005
Mouse corneal alkali-injury model; supports MMP/TIMP and neutrophil-infiltration mechanisms in local injury repair.
Used by: TB-500 / thymosin beta-4-related products - Tissue selectivity of the anabolic steroid, 17beta-hydroxyestra-4,9,11-trien-3-one in male Sprague Dawley rats
pubmed_trenbolone_tissue_selectivity_2010
Direct trenbolone rat androgenic/anabolic tissue-selectivity source; non-human mechanism only.
Used by: Trenbolone - Transcriptional regulation of myotrophic actions by testosterone and trenbolone on androgen-responsive muscle
pubmed_trenbolone_myotrophic_transcription_2014
Rat androgen-responsive muscle transcription study comparing testosterone and trenbolone; supports mechanism without human safety inference.
Used by: Trenbolone - Transcriptome alteration in hippocampus under the treatment of tuftsin analog Selank
pubmed_selank_transcriptome_2013
Rat hippocampus transcriptome study after intranasal Selank exposure.
Used by: Selank - Trenbolone alters the responsiveness of skeletal muscle satellite cells to fibroblast growth factor and insulin-like growth factor I
pubmed_trenbolone_satellite_cells_1989
Rat satellite-cell/IGF-FGF responsiveness source; mechanistic support for muscle-growth claims, not a human performance trial.
Used by: Trenbolone - Trenbolone prevents fat accumulation and improves bone mineral density in orchidectomized rats
pubmed_trenbolone_orchidectomized_rat_2012
Direct trenbolone animal body-composition/bone source; does not establish human safety or dosing.
Used by: Trenbolone - Tribulus cistoides improves nicotine-induced sexual dysfunction in male Wistar rats
pubmed_tribulus_cistoides_2025
Nicotine-induced male sexual dysfunction, NO, gonadotropins, and hormone-level source.
Used by: Tribulus cistoides Extract - Trigonelline recovers memory function in Alzheimer's disease model mice
pubmed_trigonelline_ad_model_2020
5XFAD mouse memory recovery and brain-penetration source.
Used by: Trigonelline - Trigonelline restores BDNF levels in lipopolysaccharide-induced cognitive impairment
pubmed_trigonelline_lps_bdnf_2018
LPS cognitive impairment mouse source.
Used by: Trigonelline - Tripeptide-copper complex GHK-Cu (II) transiently improved healing outcome in a rat model of ACL reconstruction
pubmed_ghkcu_acl_rat_2015
Randomized rat ACL reconstruction model; intra-articular GHK-Cu transiently improved laxity and graft-bone healing endpoints, useful for orthopedic repair plausibility but not human ACL evidence.
Used by: GHK, GHK-Cu - YK11 induces oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in hippocampus: The interplay between a selective androgen receptor modulator (SARM) and exercise
pubmed_yk11_hippocampus_oxidative_stress_2023
Rat hippocampus oxidative-stress/mitochondrial source; important safety counterweight for YK11 forum claims.
Used by: YK11
regulatory review
- DailyMed label: SYNOVEX PLUS trenbolone acetate and estradiol benzoate implant
dailymed_synovex_trenbolone_label
Veterinary cattle implant label; anchors trenbolone acetate as an approved animal growth-promoter context, not a human drug.
Used by: Trenbolone - FDA approves multiple generics of ADHD and BED treatment
fda_vyvanse_generics_stimulant_warning_2023
FDA context for lisdexamfetamine generics and standardized prescription-stimulant warnings on misuse, cardiovascular reactions, BP/HR, psychiatric adverse reactions, and serotonin syndrome.
Used by: Lisdexamfetamine - FDA Federal Register: sermorelin acetate was not withdrawn from sale for reasons of safety or effectiveness
govinfo_sermorelin_not_withdrawn_2013
Regulatory history for sermorelin/Geref.
Used by: Sermorelin - FDA grants accelerated approval to first treatment for Barth syndrome
fda_forzinity_approval_2025
FDA approval context and confirmatory-trial caveat for elamipretide.
Used by: SS-31 / Elamipretide - Japan approvals include Vorzzz (vornorexant) for insomnia
pharmajapan_vornorexant_approval_2025
Trade/regulatory news noting Japan MHLW approval of Taisho's vornorexant insomnia therapy in August 2025.
Used by: Vornorexant - Union list of novel foods: astaxanthin-rich oleoresin from Haematococcus pluvialis algae
eurlex_astaxanthin_novel_food_spec
EU novel-food specification context for astaxanthin-rich oleoresin products and labeling restrictions.
Used by: Astaxanthin-fortified yogurt
regulatory safety
- Hydroxyzine: risk of QT interval prolongation and Torsade de Pointes
govuk_hydroxyzine_qt_warning_2015
UK drug-safety update summarizing European review and QT/TdP risk-minimization recommendations for hydroxyzine.
Used by: Hydroxyzine - Medsafe Medicines Classification Committee: classification of unscheduled peptides including Adamax and P21
medsafe_unscheduled_peptides_2025
Regulatory classification context for nootropic/research peptides with limited direct clinical evidence.
Used by: Adamax, P21 / P021 Peptide - Neonatal deaths associated with use of benzyl alcohol: United States
pubmed_benzyl_alcohol_neonatal_toxicity_1983
Safety context for benzyl alcohol preservative in bacteriostatic diluents.
Used by: No public entries linked. - Re-evaluation of gellan gum (E 418) as food additive
efsa_gellan_gum_reevaluation_2018
EFSA food-additive safety review; useful for additive status and human exposure context rather than efficacy.
Used by: Gellan Gum
review
- A Comprehensive Review on Schisandrin B and Its Biological Properties
pubmed_schisandrinb_review_2020
Compound-level Schisandrin B review covering antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, and cardioprotective mechanisms.
Used by: Schisandrin B - A novel prodrug approach for central nervous system-selective estrogen therapy
pubmed_cns_estrogen_prodrug_2019
NADPH-dependent short-chain dehydrogenase bioactivation of estrogen prodrugs.
Used by: No public entries linked. - A review of Psoralea corylifolia L.: a valuable plant with profound biological significance
frontiers_psoralea_review_2025
Botanical-source review covering Psoralea corylifolia phytochemistry, pharmacology, processing, and hepatotoxicity/safety context.
Used by: Corylin - Acetic acid treatment of pseudomonal wound infections--a review
pubmed_acetic_acid_wound_antimicrobial_review_2022
Clinical-use context for dilute acetic acid as an antimicrobial wound/irrigation lead; not a peptide efficacy mechanism.
Used by: No public entries linked. - Acetyl Hexapeptide-8 in cosmeceuticals: a review of skin permeability and efficacy
pubmed_cosmetic_peptides_review_2023
Mechanistic/cosmeceutical background for SNAP-25 mimic peptide claims; SNAP-8 itself has thinner independent literature than acetyl hexapeptide-8.
Used by: SNAP-8 / Acetyl Octapeptide-3 - Adaptation to Lactose in Lactase Non Persistent People: Effects on Intolerance and the Relationship between Dairy Food Consumption and Evaluation of Diseases
pubmed_lactose_adaptation_review_2015
Review source for lactase non-persistence, dairy exposure, and colonic adaptation mechanisms.
Used by: Galactooligosaccharides / RP-G28 - Adenosine A3 receptor: from molecular signaling to therapeutic strategies
pubmed_a3ar_review_2024
A3 receptor agonist target-class review.
Used by: No public entries linked. - Allosteric mGluR3 modulators for the treatment of psychiatric disorders
pmc_mglur3_pam_review_2018
mGluR3 PAM target-class review.
Used by: No public entries linked. - Allosteric modulators of sigma-1 receptor: a review
pmc_sigma1_pam_review_2019
Includes fenfluramine as a sigma-1 PAM.
Used by: Fenfluramine - Alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone and related tripeptides: antiinflammatory and protective effects
pubmed_kpv_inflammation_review_2008
Review of alpha-MSH-related tripeptides including KPV for anti-inflammatory and protective effects.
Used by: KPV - An update on water kefir: Microbiology, composition and production
pubmed_water_kefir_microbiology_update_2021
Review of water-kefir grain microbiology, substrates, composition, and production variables.
Used by: Water Kefir - Anabolic-androgenic steroids: How do they work and what are the risks?
pubmed_aas_risks_2023
General AAS mechanism and risk review; used as class-level caution for nonmedical androgen/anabolic steroid entries.
Used by: Methandienone, Nandrolone Decanoate, Oxandrolone, Oxymetholone, Stanozolol, Testosterone, Trenbolone - Angiotensin-receptor blocking agents and the PPAR-gamma system
pubmed_telmisartan_ppargamma_2005
Telmisartan partial PPAR-gamma agonism context.
Used by: Telmisartan - Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Betulinic Acid: A Review
frontiers_betulinic_antiinflammatory_review_2022
Broader betulinic-acid anti-inflammatory mechanism review; useful context, not direct erectile-function evidence.
Used by: Betulinic Acid - Antimicrobial Peptides of the Cathelicidin Family: Focus on LL-37 and Its Modifications
pubmed_ll37_cathelicidin_modifications_review_2025
Review of LL-37 and modified cathelicidin analogs; highlights broad antimicrobial/immunomodulatory promise but also proteolytic stability, cytotoxicity, production, and safety barriers.
Used by: LL-37 - Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of water kefir microbiota and its bioactive metabolites for health promoting bio-functional products and applications
pubmed_water_kefir_antioxidant_review_2024
Water-kefir review focused on microbial species, metabolites, antioxidant, antithrombotic, and anti-inflammatory biofunctional claims.
Used by: Water Kefir - AOD-9604 Metabolic
pubmed_aod9604_metabolic_2004
Investigational-drug profile from the obesity-development period; direct AOD-9604 context, not approval or strong efficacy evidence.
Used by: AOD9604 - Bazedoxifene and the role of third-generation SERMs in postmenopausal osteoporosis
pubmed_bazedoxifene_osteoporosis_review_2012
Review of bazedoxifene osteoporosis data and SERM risks.
Used by: Bazedoxifene - Beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate supplementation and skeletal muscle in healthy and muscle-wasting conditions
pubmed_hmb_muscle_review_2017
Review of HMB effects on skeletal muscle in healthy, exercise, and muscle-wasting contexts; useful for differentiating trained-athlete claims from catabolic settings.
Used by: HMB - Biased versus partial agonism in the search for safer opioid analgesics
pmc_biased_opioid_review_2020
Important caution on interpreting biased MOR agonists.
Used by: SR-17018 - Bilirubin - new insights into an old molecule
pubmed_bilirubin_new_insights_2025
Recent review of bilirubin as antioxidant, signaling, hormonal, and immunomodulatory molecule.
Used by: Bilirubin / Biliverdin axis - Bilirubin as a signaling molecule
pubmed_bilirubin_signaling_2020
Review of bilirubin antioxidant, immune, endocrine, PPAR, and metabolic signaling biology.
Used by: Bilirubin / Biliverdin axis - Bimagrumab: an investigational human monoclonal antibody against activin type II receptors for treating obesity
pubmed_bimagrumab_obesity_review_2024
Recent review summarizing bimagrumab mechanism, obesity/T2D trial evidence, and investigational status.
Used by: Bimagrumab - BPC 157 and Standard Angiogenic Growth Factors. Gastrointestinal Tract Healing, Lessons from Tendon, Ligament, Muscle and Bone Healing
pubmed_bpc157_angiogenic_growth_factors_2018
Mechanistic review linking BPC 157 to angiogenesis/growth-factor healing concepts across GI, tendon, ligament, muscle, and bone injury models.
Used by: BPC-157 - Cagrilintide: A Long-Acting Amylin Analog for the Treatment of Obesity
pubmed_cagrilintide_obesity_review_2023
Mechanistic review of cagrilintide as a long-acting amylin analog, including amylin satiety biology and pairing with semaglutide.
Used by: Cagrilintide - Carnosine and Beta-Alanine Supplementation in Human Medicine: Narrative Review and Critical Assessment
pubmed_carnosine_beta_alanine_human_medicine_review_2023
Narrative review and critical assessment across carnosine and beta-alanine human-medicine claims; useful for separating mechanistic enthusiasm from outcome-specific evidence.
Used by: Carnosine / Beta-Alanine - Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Metformin Action
pmc_metformin_cellular_mechanisms_2021
Mechanistic review of metformin, mitochondrial complex I, AMPK-dependent and independent mechanisms, lysosomal signaling, and nutrient-sensing pathways.
Used by: Metformin - Central and Peripheral Molecular Targets for Anti-Obesity Pharmacotherapy
pmc_antiobesity_pharmacotherapy_aod9604_2011
Anti-obesity pharmacotherapy review noting AOD9604 development history and that phase 2B results did not support commercial obesity development.
Used by: AOD9604 - Challenges in water kefir production and limitations in human consumption: A comprehensive review of current knowledge
pubmed_water_kefir_limitations_review_2024
Review covering water-kefir microbial diversity, possible health-promoting properties, production challenges, and human-consumption limitations.
Used by: Water Kefir - Clenbuterol as a Substance of Abuse
pubmed_clenbuterol_toxicity_review_2020
Abuse/toxicity review; anchors tachycardia, hypokalemia, tremor, arrhythmia, and overdose-risk framing.
Used by: Clenbuterol - Clinical potential of Spirulina as a source of phycocyanobilin
pubmed_spirulina_phycocyanobilin_2007
Mechanistic review proposing spirulina/phycocyanin as a practical phycocyanobilin source with bilirubin-like NADPH oxidase/redox rationale.
Used by: Phycocyanobilin / Spirulina - Cognitive Vitality report: Cutamesine
alzdiscovery_cutamesine_2020
Secondary evidence summary.
Used by: Cutamesine - Delta-sleep-inducing peptide (DSIP): a review
pubmed_dsip_review_1984
Historical DSIP review across animal and human sleep/neuroendocrine literature.
Used by: Delta Sleep-Inducing Peptide - Des(1-3)IGF-I: a truncated form of insulin-like growth factor-I
pubmed_des13igf1_review_1996
Review describing DES(1-3)IGF-I structure, reduced binding-protein interaction, potency, and clinical uncertainty.
Used by: IGF-1 LR3 / DES(1-3)IGF-1 - Do inhaled beta-2 agonists have an ergogenic potential in non-asthmatic competitive athletes?
pubmed_beta2_agonists_ergogenic_2007
Review contrasting mostly non-ergogenic inhaled beta-2 agonists with oral salbutamol signals.
Used by: Oral Salbutamol - Efficacy and safety of ethylmethylhydroxypyridine succinate in patients with chronic cerebral ischemia
pubmed_mexidol_chronic_ischemia_2020
Russian-language clinical review for Mexidol in chronic cerebral ischemia; clinical context differs from broad nootropic claims.
Used by: Mexidol - Emerging Use of BPC-157 in Orthopaedic Sports Medicine: A Systematic Review
pubmed_bpc157_orthopedic_systematic_review_2025
Systematic review through June 2024; found 35 preclinical studies and 1 clinical study, so it supports broad musculoskeletal plausibility while emphasizing the thin human evidence base.
Used by: BPC-157 - Enclomiphene citrate for the treatment of secondary male hypogonadism
pubmed_enclomiphene_review_2016
Review of enclomiphene in secondary hypogonadism.
Used by: Enclomiphene - Endotext: Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and gonadotropin therapy
ncbi_endotext_hh_gonadotropin_therapy
Clinical review explaining pulsatile GnRH versus gonadotropin therapy and fertility endpoints.
Used by: Gonadorelin, HMG / Menotropins, Human chorionic gonadotropin - Fermented Beverage Benefits: A Comprehensive Review and Comparison of Kombucha and Kefir Microbiome
pubmed_fermented_beverage_kombucha_kefir_review_2023
Comparative fermented-beverage review describing microbial composition, gut-microbiota interaction, and product variability.
Used by: Water Kefir - From Rate-Limiting Enzyme to Therapeutic Target: The Promise of NAMPT in Neurodegenerative Diseases
pmc_nampt_neurodegeneration_review_2022
NAMPT/NAD salvage review discussing P7C3/P7C3-A20 activator context and neurodegeneration translation.
Used by: No public entries linked. - GABAergic inhibitory neurons as therapeutic targets for cognitive impairment in schizophrenia
pubmed_522054_2018_review
Includes 522-054 as alpha7 nicotinic PAM plus GABA-A alpha5 NAM.
Used by: 522-054 - Gastric pentadecapeptide body protection compound BPC 157 and its role in accelerating musculoskeletal soft tissue healing
pubmed_bpc157_musculoskeletal_soft_tissue_review_2019
Critical musculoskeletal soft-tissue review covering tendon, ligament, and skeletal muscle models; explicitly notes that most evidence is small-rodent work and human efficacy is unconfirmed.
Used by: BPC-157 - Gene expression data suggest that the copper peptide GHK may have regenerative and protective actions
pubmed_ghkcu_gene_data_2018
Mechanistic/gene-expression review for GHK-Cu regenerative claims; useful context for skin/wound plausibility but not a direct cosmetic efficacy trial.
Used by: AHK-Cu, GHK, GHK-Cu - Geroprotective effect of thymalin and epithalamin
pubmed_thymalin_geroprotective_2002
Older thymic/pineal peptide bioregulator background.
Used by: Thymalin - GHK peptide as a natural modulator of multiple cellular pathways in skin regeneration
pubmed_ghkcu_2015
GHK-Cu skin regeneration review.
Used by: GHK, GHK-Cu - Growth hormone administration: is it safe and effective for athletic performance
pubmed_hgh_athletic_performance_review_2010
Sports-endocrinology review of GH performance claims, adverse effects, and evidence limits in healthy users.
Used by: Human Growth Hormone / Somatropin - Growth hormone-releasing peptides
pubmed_ghrp_review_1997
Class review for GHRP-2, GHRP-6, hexarelin, and related secretagogues.
Used by: GHRP-2 / Pralmorelin, GHRP-6 - Histamine H3 receptor as a target for cognitive disorders
pubmed_h3_cognition_review
H3 antagonist cognition rationale.
Used by: Irdabisant - Hyaluronan: A Neuroimmune Modulator in the Microbiota-Gut Axis
pmc_hyaluronan_gut_axis_review_2022
Review of HA interactions with luminal bacteria and host gut neuroimmune responses; useful context for gut-barrier claims.
Used by: High-Molecular-Weight Hyaluronic Acid - Inhibition of myostatin with emphasis on follistatin as a therapy for muscle disease
pubmed_follistatin_myostatin_therapy_review_2009
Review focused on follistatin/myostatin inhibition as muscle-disease therapy; useful for broad mechanism and development context.
Used by: Follistatin / FS344 - INT131: a selective modulator of PPAR gamma
pubmed_int131_review_2009
Selective PPAR-gamma modulator overview.
Used by: INT131 - International society of sports nutrition position stand: Beta-Alanine
jissn_beta_alanine_position_stand_2015
Sports-nutrition position stand summarizing beta-alanine, muscle carnosine, buffering, dose-response, and high-intensity exercise context.
Used by: Carnosine / Beta-Alanine - International Society of Sports Nutrition Position Stand: protein and exercise
pubmed_issn_protein_position_2017
ISSN position stand summarizing protein intake, timing, quality, and exercise-adaptation evidence.
Used by: Leucine, Protein Supplementation - International Society of Sports Nutrition position stand: safety and efficacy of creatine supplementation in exercise, sport, and medicine
pubmed_issn_creatine_position_2017
ISSN position stand summarizing creatine safety, exercise, sport, and medical-use evidence.
Used by: Creatine - Kefir Consumption and Health Effects Based on Human Clinical Trials: An Overview of Literature
pubmed_kefir_clinical_trials_review_2026
Clinical-trial overview noting possible gut, metabolic, inflammatory, immune, and GI effects while emphasizing heterogeneity and limited certainty.
Used by: Milk Kefir - Known and new ideas about Mexidol mechanism of action
pubmed_mexidol_review_2025
Recent mechanism review; mostly regional literature.
Used by: Mexidol - Leonurine, a potential drug for the treatment of cardiovascular system and central nervous system diseases
pubmed_leonurine_review_2020
Review of leonurine cardiovascular and CNS mechanisms, bioavailability limitations, and translational gaps.
Used by: Leonurine - LL-37: Biological Mechanisms and Emerging Therapeutic Applications in Intestinal Disease
pubmed_ll37_intestinal_review_2026
Intestinal-immune axis review emphasizing context-dependent LL-37 biology, including antibacterial, immunomodulatory, tissue-repair, microbiome, IBD, and CRC considerations.
Used by: LL-37 - LL-37: Cathelicidin-related antimicrobial peptide with pleiotropic activity
pubmed_ll37_pleiotropic_review_2016
Core LL-37 review covering antimicrobial, chemotactic, immunomodulatory, respiratory, GI, and skin biology; useful mechanism anchor beyond the venous-ulcer RCT.
Used by: LL-37 - Long-term Prophylaxis with Androgens in the management of Hereditary Angioedema (HAE) in emerging countries
pubmed_attenuated_androgens_hae_review_2022
Review of attenuated androgen prophylaxis in HAE; useful for stanozolol/danazol benefit-risk context and long-term adverse effects.
Used by: Stanozolol - Mecasermin (recombinant human insulin-like growth factor I)
pubmed_mecasermin_review_2009
Drug review for rhIGF-1 pharmacology, clinical use, and safety; helps distinguish approved deficiency treatment from IGF-axis enhancement claims.
Used by: Mecasermin / Recombinant Human IGF-1 - Mechanisms and inhibitors of nicotinamide N-methyltransferase
pmc_nnmt_inhibitors_review_2021
Review of NNMT biology and inhibitor classes, including 5-amino-1MQ context; useful for mechanism and translational caveats.
Used by: 5-Amino-1MQ - Medicinal plants of the genus Betula: traditional uses and phytochemical-pharmacological review
pmc_betula_betulinic_review_2015
Broad betulin/betulinic acid pharmacology; not a compound-specific erectile dysfunction source.
Used by: Betulinic Acid - Mitochondria-derived peptide MOTS-c: effects and mechanisms related to stress, metabolism and aging
pubmed_motsc_mechanisms_2023
Mechanistic review covering AMPK, stress-response, exercise, insulin-resistance, inflammation, and aging-related MOTS-c biology.
Used by: MOTS-c - Mitochondrial protein import and the genesis of steroidogenic mitochondria
pubmed_steroidogenic_transduceosome_2011
Background on mitochondrial cholesterol import in steroidogenesis.
Used by: ACE-167 - Mitochondrial-derived peptide and metabolic states: systematic review and meta-analysis
pubmed_motsc_meta_2024
Human association literature, not interventional efficacy.
Used by: MOTS-c - Moclobemide. A review of its pharmacological properties and therapeutic use in depressive illness
pubmed_moclobemide_review_1992
Clinical and pharmacology review of moclobemide as a reversible selective MAO-A inhibitor; supports the reversible MAO-A program entry.
Used by: No public entries linked. - Molecular mechanisms, targets and clinical potential of berberine in regulating metabolism: a review focussing on databases and molecular docking studies
pmc_berberine_metabolic_mechanisms_review_2024
Mechanism review covering AMPK/mTOR, PCSK9/LDLR, SIRT/FOXO/SREBP, Nrf2, and other metabolic signaling pathways; useful but less direct than RCTs.
Used by: Berberine - Multifunctionality and Possible Medical Application of the BPC 157 Peptide-Literature and Patent Review
pubmed_bpc157_literature_patent_review_2025
Recent broad review of biological activities, mechanisms, probable toxicity, patent interest, online sale context, and lack of sufficient comprehensive clinical studies for standard medical approval.
Used by: BPC-157 - N-alkylamides of Spilanthes (syn: Acmella): Structure, purification, characterization, biological activities and applications
sciencedirect_spilanthes_alkylamide_review_2021
Review of Spilanthes/Acmella N-alkylamide chemistry and biological activity claims, including aphrodisiac context.
Used by: Spilanthes acmella Extract - Nandrolone Decanoate: Use, Abuse and Side Effects
pubmed_nandrolone_use_abuse_side_effects_2020
Compound-specific nandrolone review covering therapeutic uses, abuse patterns, and adverse effects.
Used by: Nandrolone Decanoate - Nitric oxide mechanisms of nebivolol
pubmed_nebivolol_no_2009
Nebivolol beta1 blocker and NO-mediated vasodilation.
Used by: Nebivolol - Opioid peptide-derived analgesics
pubmed_dermorphin_opioid_peptide_review_2005
Mechanistic opioid peptide context including dermorphin-derived ligands.
Used by: Dermorphin - Paeonol for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease: pharmacological and mechanistic overview
pubmed_paeonol_atherosclerosis_review_2021
Cardiovascular mechanism review including anti-inflammatory and lipid/vascular targets.
Used by: Paeonol - Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 and the central nervous system
pubmed_bpc157_cns_review_2021
CNS-focused review covering rat stroke, spinal cord compression, catalepsy/dopamine-system models, and nitric-oxide-system interactions; useful for neuroprotection claims but not human cognitive evidence.
Used by: BPC-157 - Peptides and ageing
pubmed_short_peptides_ageing_2002
Broad Russian peptide-bioregulator review; useful background but low specificity for named peptide products.
Used by: Cartalax, Thymalin - Pharmacological effects of polydatin in the treatment of metabolic diseases: A review
sciencedirect_polydatin_metabolic_review_2022
Review of polydatin metabolic-disease pharmacology through obesity, diabetes, dyslipidemia, NAFLD, and related models.
Used by: Polydatin - Pharmacology of moclobemide
pubmed_moclobemide_pharmacology_1993
Mechanistic RIMA pharmacology review, including MAO-A preference and reversibility.
Used by: No public entries linked. - Positive and negative allosteric modulators of NMDA receptors
pubmed_nmda_pam_review_2018
NMDA PAM/NAM SAR and mechanism review.
Used by: No public entries linked. - Pursuing the Elixir of Life: In Vivo Antioxidative Effects of Manganosalen Complexes
mdpi_manganosalen_in_vivo_review_2020
Review of in vivo manganosalen SOD/catalase-mimetic literature including EUK compounds and dose/context caveats.
Used by: EUK-134 - Racemic amphetamine sulfate (Evekeo) for ADHD
pubmed_racemic_amphetamine_medletter_2015
Medical Letter review context for racemic amphetamine sulfate as an ADHD drug.
Used by: Racemic Amphetamine Sulfate - Regeneration or Risk? A Narrative Review of BPC-157 for Musculoskeletal Healing
pubmed_bpc157_review_2025
Recent review noting preclinical base and safety/regulatory uncertainty.
Used by: BPC-157 - Regenerative wound healing strategies activating Wnt/beta-catenin
pubmed_cxxc5_wound_2021
Includes PTD-DBM and CXXC5-DVL interaction.
Used by: No public entries linked. - Retatrutide-A Game Changer in Obesity Pharmacotherapy
pubmed_retatrutide_review_2025
Review synthesizing retatrutide mechanisms, clinical efficacy, metabolic outcomes, and safety; secondary support only.
Used by: Retatrutide - Salen Mn complexes mitigate radiation injury in normal tissues
pubmed_salen_mn_radiation_review_2011
Review of salen-manganese complexes such as EUK-134, EUK-189, and EUK-207 in oxidative/radiation injury models.
Used by: EUK-134 - Selective androgen receptor modulators in preclinical and clinical development
pubmed_sarms_preclinical_clinical_2009
SARM class review covering multiple preclinical and early clinical programs.
Used by: AC-262536, ACP-105, BMS-564929, LGD-3303, S-23 - Senolytic drugs: from discovery to translation
pmc_senolytics_translation_review_2020
Translational senolytics review that contextualizes piperlongumine among senescent-cell targeting leads and caveats.
Used by: Piperlongumine - Sermorelin: a review of its use in the diagnosis and treatment of children with idiopathic growth hormone deficiency
pubmed_sermorelin_gh_deficiency_review_1999
Clinical review in pediatric GH deficiency; not adult wellness evidence.
Used by: Sermorelin - Serotonergic 5-HT7 receptors and cognition
pubmed_5ht7_cognition_review_2014
5-HT7 cognition review.
Used by: No public entries linked. - Serotonin-1A anxiolytics: an overview
pubmed_5ht1a_anxiolytics_1989
5-HT1A partial agonist anxiolytic class overview.
Used by: No public entries linked. - Shared mechanistic pathways of glucagon signalling: unlocking its potential for treating obesity and MASLD
pubmed_glucagon_signalling_masld_review_2025
Mechanism review for glucagon agonism as a component of dual/triple agonist metabolic and liver-fat programs.
Used by: Mazdutide, Survodutide - Stable Gastric Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 and Striated, Smooth, and Heart Muscle
pubmed_bpc157_muscle_review_2022
Muscle-axis review covering myotendinous junction, skeletal muscle disability models, smooth muscle, and cardiac-function models; mostly hypothesis-generating animal/preclinical synthesis.
Used by: BPC-157 - Stable Gastric Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 and Wound Healing
pubmed_bpc157_wound_healing_review_2021
Wound-healing review spanning incisional/excisional wounds, burns, diabetic ulcers, fistula-like wounds, thrombosis/bleeding models, and ischemia-reperfusion framing, mostly from animal work.
Used by: BPC-157 - Study Design and Rationale for the Phase 3 Clinical Development Program of Enobosarm for the Prevention and Treatment of Muscle Wasting in Cancer Patients (POWER Trials)
pubmed_enobosarm_power_trials_design_2016
Phase 3 program design/rationale source for enobosarm in cancer muscle wasting; useful for clinical endpoint framing.
Used by: Enobosarm - The Bioactivities of Phycocyanobilin from Spirulina
pubmed_phycocyanobilin_bioactivities_2022
Review of PCB antioxidant, NADPH oxidase, anti-inflammatory, and disease-model mechanisms.
Used by: Phycocyanobilin / Spirulina - The development of INT131 as a selective PPAR-gamma modulator
pmc_int131_development
Development rationale and Phase 2 status at publication.
Used by: INT131 - The human cathelicidin LL-37: a multifunctional peptide involved in infection and inflammation
pmc_ll37_immunomodulation_review_2005
Mechanistic review for LL-37 antimicrobial and immunomodulatory biology.
Used by: LL-37 - The physiology of bilirubin: health and disease equilibrium
pubmed_bilirubin_physiology_2023
Review of bilirubin physiology, signaling, metabolic/cardiovascular context, and toxicity boundary.
Used by: Bilirubin / Biliverdin axis - The role of HGF/c-Met signaling in cognitive enhancement by Dihexa
pubmed_dihexa_hepatocyte_growth_factor_review_2015
Mechanistic review of Dihexa and HGF/c-Met cognitive-enhancement rationale.
Used by: Dihexa - The safety and efficacy of growth hormone secretagogues
pubmed_gh_secretagogues_safety_2018
Clinical review covering GH secretagogues and risk context.
Used by: Hexarelin - The therapeutic potential of IGF-I in skeletal muscle repair
pmc_igf1_skeletal_muscle_repair_review_2013
Review of IGF-I, muscle repair, satellite cells, PI3K/Akt/mTOR, and myogenic signaling.
Used by: IGF-1 LR3 / DES(1-3)IGF-1 - Therapeutic potential and limitation of serotonin type 7 receptor modulation
pubmed_5ht7_modulation_review_2023
Modern 5-HT7 modulation review.
Used by: No public entries linked. - Therapeutic Potential of NAD-Boosting Molecules: The In Vivo Evidence
pubmed_nad_boosting_molecules_review_2018
Broad NAD-boosting review covering NR, NMN, CD38, PARP, sirtuins, aging, metabolic disease, and translational caveats.
Used by: NAD+ / Intravenous NAD, NADH, Nicotinamide Mononucleotide, Nicotinamide Riboside - Therapeutic potential of the chemical composition of Dendrobium nobile Lindl
pubmed_dendrobium_nobile_chemistry_review_2023
Dendrobium chemistry and pharmacology review that lists Batatasin III among constituent bibenzyl/stilbenoid compounds.
Used by: Batatasin III - Thymosin beta4 and cardiac repair
pubmed_tb4_cardiac_repair_2010
Related Tbeta4 cardiac-repair biology; included as indirect repair-mechanism context, not as evidence for injectable TB-500 musculoskeletal use.
Used by: TB-500 / thymosin beta-4-related products - Thymosin beta4: actin-sequestering protein moonlights to repair injured tissues
pubmed_tb4_repair_review_2005
Mechanism review for actin sequestration, dermal/corneal wound healing, and broader injury-repair hypotheses; not direct TB-500 clinical evidence.
Used by: TB-500 / thymosin beta-4-related products - Traditional application and modern pharmacological research of Eucommia ulmoides Oliv.
biomedcentral_eucommia_review_2021
Broad Eucommia ulmoides pharmacology review that discusses erectile, metabolic, cardiovascular, and traditional-use claims.
Used by: Eucommia ulmoides Leaf Extract - Transdermal selegiline for the treatment of major depressive disorder
pubmed_selegiline_transdermal_2009
Selegiline transdermal system and MAOI dietary interaction context.
Used by: Selegiline - Tyrosinase activated melanoma prodrugs
pubmed_tyrosinase_prodrugs_2009
General tyrosinase-activated prodrug strategy.
Used by: Keraxidil - VMAT2 and Parkinson's disease: harnessing the dopamine vesicle
pmc_vmat2_parkinsons_review_2014
VMAT2 neuroprotection and dopamine-vesicle biology review.
Used by: No public entries linked.
safety review
- A Systematic Risk Assessment and Meta-Analysis on the Use of Oral Beta-Alanine Supplementation
pubmed_beta_alanine_safety_meta_2019
Human safety/risk-assessment meta-analysis; important for paresthesia, tolerability, and blood-marker context.
Used by: Carnosine / Beta-Alanine - Anabolic androgenic steroid-induced liver injury: an update
pubmed_aas_liver_effects_2018
Class hepatic-risk review, especially relevant for 17-alpha-alkylated oral AAS such as oxymetholone, methandienone, stanozolol, and oxandrolone.
Used by: Methandienone, Oxandrolone, Oxymetholone, Stanozolol - Anabolic-androgenic steroids among recreational athletes and cardiovascular risk
pubmed_aas_recreational_athletes_cv_review_2025
Recent cardiovascular-risk review focused on recreational athlete AAS use; class-level safety source for nonmedical androgen entries.
Used by: Methandienone, Nandrolone Decanoate, Oxandrolone, Oxymetholone, Stanozolol, Testosterone, Trenbolone - Association of anxiolytic drugs with Torsade de Pointes: a pharmacovigilance study of the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System
pmc_anxiolytics_torsade_faers_2024
FAERS pharmacovigilance analysis including hydroxyzine among anxiolytic drugs with TdP-related reports.
Used by: Hydroxyzine - LiverTox: Selective Androgen Receptor Modulators
ncbi_livertox_sarms_2025
NCBI LiverTox overview of SARM-associated liver injury and case literature.
Used by: Ligandrol - Stomatitis And Everolimus: A Review Of Current Literature On 8,201 Patients
pubmed_everolimus_stomatitis_review_2019
Large safety review focused on stomatitis/mucocutaneous toxicity and broader mTOR-inhibitor adverse effects.
Used by: Everolimus
structural
- Human carbonic anhydrase II inhibitor complexes reveal a second binding site for steroidal inhibitors
pubmed_ca2_steroidal_inhibitors_2010
CA II binding of steroidal sulfamate esters.
Used by: No public entries linked. - Structural basis of specific inhibition of extracellular activation of pro- or latent myostatin by the monoclonal antibody SRK-015
pubmed_apitegromab_srk015_structure_2020
Biochemical/structural mechanism source explaining how SRK-015/apitegromab binds pro- and latent myostatin and prevents activation rather than broadly blocking ActRII ligands.
Used by: Apitegromab
systematic review
- A systematic review of the effect of semaglutide on lean mass: insights from clinical trials
pubmed_semaglutide_lean_mass_review_2024
Lean-mass/body-composition context for interpreting GLP-1 weight loss rather than treating scale loss as pure fat loss.
Used by: Semaglutide - A Systematic Review of the Effects of Kefir on Metabolic Syndrome
pubmed_kefir_metabolic_syndrome_systematic_review_2023
Systematic review source for kefir and metabolic-syndrome endpoints; supports broad but heterogeneous human/preclinical context.
Used by: Milk Kefir - Adverse events of clenbuterol among athletes: a systematic review of case reports and case series
pubmed_clenbuterol_athlete_adverse_events_2023
Athlete adverse-event synthesis for clenbuterol misuse; central risk source for PED/fat-loss framing.
Used by: Clenbuterol - Alpha-2 agonists for sedation of mechanically ventilated adults
pubmed_dexmedetomidine_systematic_review
Includes dexmedetomidine efficacy and bradycardia signal.
Used by: Dexmedetomidine - Amphetamines for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adults
pmc_amphetamines_adult_adhd_cochrane_2018
Cochrane review including dexamphetamine, lisdexamfetamine, and mixed amphetamine salts in adult ADHD.
Used by: Dextroamphetamine, Lisdexamfetamine, Racemic Amphetamine Sulfate - Anticholinergic burden for prediction of dementia or cognitive decline in older adults with no known cognitive syndrome
cochrane_anticholinergic_burden_dementia_2021
Cochrane prognostic-factor review on anticholinergic burden and future cognitive decline or dementia; useful for uncertainty and evidence-quality framing.
Used by: Diphenhydramine - Antioxidant Supplementation for Erectile Dysfunction: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trials
pmc_antioxidants_ed_meta_2024
Human antioxidant-supplement ED context; includes astaxanthin-adjacent antioxidant rationale but is not a direct astaxanthin radiation-ED trial.
Used by: Astaxanthin - Association between nandrolone and behavioral alterations: A systematic review of preclinical studies
pubmed_nandrolone_behavior_preclinical_review_2021
Preclinical behavioral-risk synthesis for nandrolone; useful neuropsychiatric caution source.
Used by: Nandrolone Decanoate - Beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate and its impact on skeletal muscle mass and physical function in clinical practice
pubmed_hmb_clinical_meta_2019
Clinical-practice systematic review/meta-analysis for HMB, emphasizing context-specificity of muscle and function outcomes.
Used by: HMB - Cerebrolysin for acute ischaemic stroke
pubmed_cerebrolysin_stroke_review_2020
Cochrane systematic-review anchor; found no clear all-cause mortality benefit in acute ischemic stroke and a potential increase in non-fatal serious adverse events.
Used by: Cerebrolysin - Clinical Pharmacology of Citrus bergamia: A Systematic Review
pubmed_citrus_bergamia_clinical_review_2017
Broader clinical-pharmacology review for Citrus bergamia derivatives and formulation caveats.
Used by: Bergamot Phytosome - Cognitive benefits of Angiotensin IV and Angiotensin-(1-7): a systematic review of experimental studies
pmc_angiotensin_iv_cognition_review_2022
Experimental-study systematic review that discusses Dihexa as an AngIV-related procognitive compound.
Used by: Dihexa - Creatine supplementation research fails to support the theoretical basis for an effect on cognition: Evidence from a systematic review
pubmed_creatine_cognition_negative_review_2024
Skeptical cognition review; helps avoid overstating creatine as a general nootropic in unstressed healthy adults.
Used by: Creatine - Effect of acute and chronic oral L-carnitine supplementation on exercise performance based on exercise intensity
pubmed_lcarnitine_performance_review_2021
Exercise-performance review; useful for separating fatty-acid transport plausibility from mixed performance results.
Used by: L-carnitine - Effect of bergamot on lipid profile in humans: A systematic review
pubmed_bergamot_lipid_systematic_2020
Human lipid-profile review for bergamot products; not specific to the phytosome formulation.
Used by: Bergamot Phytosome - Evaluating the Leucine Trigger Hypothesis to Explain the Post-prandial Regulation of Muscle Protein Synthesis in Young and Older Adults: A Systematic Review
pubmed_leucine_trigger_review_2021
Systematic review of the leucine-trigger hypothesis for post-prandial muscle protein synthesis; important for mTORC1 activation claims.
Used by: Leucine - Everolimus therapy and side-effects: A systematic review and meta-analysis
pubmed_everolimus_side_effects_meta_2021
Systematic review/meta-analysis of everolimus adverse events; useful counterweight to longevity/immune-function extrapolations.
Used by: Everolimus - Extended-release methylphenidate for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adults
cochrane_methylphenidate_adult_adhd_2021
Cochrane adult ADHD review for extended-release methylphenidate; useful comparator to amphetamine-class entries.
Used by: Methylphenidate - Gynecomastia: a systematic review of pharmacological treatments
pubmed_gynecomastia_pharm_review_2022
Reviews SERM, aromatase inhibitor, and androgen pharmacologic approaches for gynecomastia.
Used by: Raloxifene, Tamoxifen - Hydroxyzine for generalised anxiety disorder
pubmed_hydroxyzine_gad_cochrane_2010
Cochrane review summarizing hydroxyzine evidence for GAD and limitations of the trial base.
Used by: Hydroxyzine - Mechanism of Action and the Effect of Beta-Hydroxy-Beta-Methylbutyrate (HMB) Supplementation on Different Types of Physical Performance - A Systematic Review
pubmed_hmb_performance_mechanism_review_2019
Systematic review discussing HMB mechanisms including proteolysis inhibition, mTOR/protein synthesis, sarcolemma integrity, apoptosis, and exercise-performance contexts.
Used by: HMB - Over-the-Counter Agents for the Treatment of Occasional Disturbed Sleep or Transient Insomnia
pubmed_otc_sleep_aids_review_2016
Systematic review of OTC sleep-aid efficacy and safety; diphenhydramine evidence was limited and not robust.
Used by: Diphenhydramine - Oxandrolone Efficacy in Wound Healing in Burned and Decubitus Ulcer Patients: A Systematic Review
pubmed_oxandrolone_wound_healing_review_2022
Wound-healing/catabolic-care synthesis for oxandrolone; route and clinical context differ from PED use.
Used by: Oxandrolone - Pharmacological treatments of insomnia in children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
pubmed_adhd_sleep_pharmacology_review_2013
Systematic review of sleep medications in ADHD youth; useful for off-label clonidine sleep-signal context with evidence limitations.
Used by: Clonidine - Safety, Tolerability and Efficacy of Drugs for Treating Behavioural Insomnia in Children with ADHD
pubmed_child_adhd_insomnia_drug_review_2017
Systematic review and methodological quality assessment for drugs used in behavioral insomnia in children with ADHD.
Used by: Clonidine - Selective Androgen Receptor Modulators effects on physical performance: a systematic review of randomized control trials
pubmed_sarms_rct_systematic_review_2024
Systematic review of randomized SARM trials and physical-performance endpoints.
Used by: Enobosarm, GSK2881078 - Sildenafil does not reliably improve exercise performance in hypoxia: a systematic review
pubmed_sildenafil_hypoxia_review_2019
Systematic review showing the hypoxia-performance signal is inconsistent; useful against gym-performance overclaiming.
Used by: PDE5 inhibitors / Cialis / Viagra, Sildenafil / Viagra - Systemic glutathione as a skin-whitening agent in adult
pubmed_glutathione_skin_systemic_2020
Systemic glutathione dermatology evidence synthesis with safety caveats.
Used by: Glutathione - The clinical effect of glutathione on skin color and other related skin conditions: a systematic review
pubmed_glutathione_skin_systematic_review_2019
Human skin-lightening/skin endpoints; not a global detox or anti-aging proof.
Used by: Glutathione - Tirzepatide: A Systematic Update
pubmed_tirzepatide_systematic_update_2022
Systematic update across SURPASS trials and metabolic endpoints; useful for glycemic, lipid, blood-pressure, and safety context.
Used by: Tirzepatide - Trazodone for insomnia: a systematic review
pubmed_trazodone_insomnia_review_2018
Systematic review of trazodone insomnia studies; complements AASM guidance and sleep-architecture meta-analysis.
Used by: Trazodone - Vitamin C for preventing and treating the common cold
pubmed_vitamin_c_common_cold_cochrane_2007
Cochrane review PubMed record; useful for the distinction between routine cold prevention and the more plausible severe physical stress/cold-exposure subgroup.
Used by: Vitamin C / Ascorbic Acid
umbrella review
- Berberine and health outcomes: An umbrella review
pubmed_berberine_health_outcomes_umbrella_2023
Umbrella review grading meta-analytic evidence across berberine health outcomes; useful for separating promising signals from uneven study quality.
Used by: Berberine