Dextroamphetamine

ID: dextroamphetamine

Aliases: dexamphetamine, d-amphetamine, Dexedrine, Zenzedi

Type: compound

Route/form: oral prescription stimulant tablet/capsule in labelled contexts

Status: approved_or_labelled

Evidence level: approved / labelled

Best data tier: approved label + human controlled/review

Support scope: human

Source types: human_association_and_preclinical, label, meta_analysis, systematic_review

Linked sources: 4

Broad outcomes: Brain / mood / sleep, Cardiovascular / lipids / blood pressure, Fat loss / metabolic health, PEDs / AAS / thermogenics, Safety / regulatory

Reading note: These are curation notes anchored to linked sources, not a clinical recommendation or protocol.

Targets / mechanism

• dopamine transporter substrate/releaser
• norepinephrine transporter substrate/releaser
• VMAT2/TAAR1-linked monoamine release

Optimization domains

• ADHD
• narcolepsy
• wakefulness
• stimulant
• cognition
• appetite
• cardiovascular

Research basis

• Dextroamphetamine is the d-enantiomer amphetamine stimulant with labelled ADHD/narcolepsy use and adult ADHD systematic-review support for amphetamine-class efficacy.
• It is a useful comparator for racemic amphetamine because removing l-amphetamine changes the peripheral/CNS balance, though individual response varies.

Limits, risks, and missing evidence

• The pharmacology still carries amphetamine-class controlled-substance, cardiovascular, sleep, appetite, and psychiatric risks.
• Claims of smoother effect or less peripheral strain are not a substitute for diagnosis, prescription oversight, product identity, and cardiovascular screening.

Risk flags

• controlled substance
• misuse addiction
• stimulant
• blood pressure
• tachycardia
• insomnia
• anxiety panic
• psychosis mania
• cardiac screening

Linked papers, labels, and reviews

1. DailyMed label: ZENZEDI (dextroamphetamine sulfate) tablet
   label / dailymed_zenzedi_label
   Dextroamphetamine sulfate label with ADHD/narcolepsy use, controlled-substance warning, and cardiovascular/psychiatric cautions.
2. Amphetamines for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adults
   systematic_review / pmc_amphetamines_adult_adhd_cochrane_2018
   Cochrane review including dexamphetamine, lisdexamfetamine, and mixed amphetamine salts in adult ADHD.
3. Efficacy, Acceptability, and Tolerability of Lisdexamfetamine, Mixed Amphetamine Salts, Methylphenidate, and Modafinil in Adult ADHD
   meta_analysis / sage_adult_adhd_stimulants_meta_2019
   Systematic review/meta-analysis comparing adult ADHD stimulant and modafinil trial evidence.
4. Cardiovascular Safety of Amphetamine/Dextroamphetamine versus Methylphenidate in Older Adults
   human_association_and_preclinical / pubmed_stimulant_cv_older_adults_2024
   Retrospective older-adult veteran study comparing composite cardiovascular events between amphetamine/dextroamphetamine and methylphenidate.